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BILD X13 > lymphatic system > Flashcards

lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

lymphatic system contents

A
  1. lymph
  2. lymphatic vessels
  3. lymphoid organs
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2
Q

the lymph consists of…

A
  1. ISF
  2. lymphocytes
  3. macrophages

the lymph fluid drains 1/10th of the ISF from the body

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3
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A
  1. thymus
  2. bone marrow
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4
Q

thymus function

A
  1. site of maturation for T cells produced by lymphocytes
  2. produce thymulin and thyroxine
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5
Q

bone marrow function

A
  1. site of B cell and NK cell maturation
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6
Q

secondary lymphoid tissue

A
  1. tonsils
  2. nodes
  3. spleen
  4. mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
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7
Q

notable nodes

A
  1. axillary
  2. cephalic
  3. inguinal
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8
Q

why is the spleen part of the lymphatic system?

A

the white pulp (lymphocytes) of the spleen takes care of worn out RBCs

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9
Q

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

A
  1. GALT
  2. VALT
  3. NALT

GALT = gut associated lymphoid tissue
VALT = vulvo-vaginal associated lymphoid tissue
NALT = nasal associated lymphoid tissue

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10
Q

efferent and afferent lymphatic vessels

A

enter and exit the lymph nodes

they are one way vessels into the lymph nodes that do not permit backwards flow of lymph

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11
Q

similarities to circulatory vessels

A
  1. valves
  2. thin walls

the valves of the lymphatic system prevent backwards flow

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12
Q

lymphatic system functions

A
  1. produce, maintain, distribute lymphocytes
  2. maintain normal blood volume
  3. alternate transport for…

hormones
nutrients
waste

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13
Q

3 cell types of the lymphatic system

A
  1. T cells –> cell mediated immunity
  2. B cells –> antibody mediated immunity
  3. NK cells –> viral and cancer cell response
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14
Q

lymphatic system and blood volume maintenance

A

the lymphatic system is connected to the circulatory system

it can drain 1/10th of the ISF to maintain the blood volume

the other 9/10th of ISF is drained into the veinous system

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15
Q

small lymphatic vessels are AKA…

A

lymphatic capillaries

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16
Q

large diameter lymphatic vessels are AKA…

A

lymphatic ducts

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17
Q

lymphatic capillary characteristics vs vascular capillaries

A
  1. larger diameter
  2. thinner walls
  3. irregular outline
  4. anchoring filaments
  5. greater permeability
  6. tunics are difficult to identify

anchoring filaments prevent the lymph vessels from collapsing on themselves

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18
Q

superficial lymphatic location and supply

A

in the subcutaneous layer

supplies the mucous lining of the…
1. digestive
2. respiratory
3. urinary
4. reproductive tracts

supplies serous lining of the…
1. pericardium
2. peritoneum
3. pleura

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19
Q

deep lymphatic location and supply

A

collects lymph in the…

  1. skeletal muscle
  2. neck
  3. limbs
  4. trunk
  5. visceral organs
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20
Q

where are lymphatic capillaries not found in?

A

in areas that lack blood supply

  1. cartilage matrix
  2. cornea
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21
Q

major lymphatic trunks

A

the convergence of superficial and deep lymphatic vessels

  1. lumbar
  2. intestinal
  3. bronchomediastinal
  4. subclavian
  5. jugular
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22
Q

right trunks and their drainage

A
  1. right jugular
  2. right lymphatic
  3. right subclavian
  4. right bronchomediastinal

all right trunks empty into the right subclavian vein

23
Q

left trunks and their drainage

A
  1. left jugular
  2. left subclavian
  3. left bronchomediastinal
  4. thoracic duct (left lymphatic)

all trunks drain into the left lymphatic (thoracic duct) which drains into the left subclavian and then the superior vena cava

24
Q

body regions that drain into the thoracic duct

A
  1. left arm
  2. left torso
  3. left neck
  4. left head
  5. abdomen
  6. both legs (right and left lumbar)

75% drainage

25
Q

body regions that drain into the right lymphatic duct

A
  1. right head
  2. right neck
  3. right arm
  4. right torso

25% drainage

26
Q

cisterna chyli

A

saclike structure at the start of the thoracic duct

27
Q

t cell types

A
  1. cytotoxic –> killer T
  2. helper –> helps B cells mature into plasma cells
  3. suppressor –> stops B cell maturing
  4. memory –> remember invading antigens
28
Q

b cell types

A
  1. plasma cells –> antibody producing
  2. memory b cells –> remember an invading antigen
29
Q

NK cells

A
  1. attack foreign cells
  2. attack normal infected cells
  3. attack cancer cells

“immunological surveillance cells”

30
Q

lymphocyte immune response sequence

A
  1. macrophages eat foreign substances
  2. present foreign antigens to T cells
  3. T cell divides into cytotoxic, helper and memory T cells

helper T cells produce cytokines to help B cells grow and produce antibodies

macrophages use MHC to present antigens

31
Q

antibody-antigen interaction on invading material

A

draws leukocytes to kill the bacteria

32
Q

lymphocyte distributions

A

8 : 1 T cells and B cells in the blood
1 : 1 T cells and B cells in the spleen
1 : 3 T cells and B cells in the bone marrow

lymphocytes live 4-20 years

33
Q

lymph nodule characteristics

A
  1. aggregation of lymphocytes in reticular tissue
  2. germinal center that contains lymphocytes
34
Q

lymphoid tissue types

A
  1. MALT
  2. tonsils
  3. aggregated lymphoid nodules
35
Q

5 tonsils

A

1x pharyngeal tonsil
2x palatine tonsils
2x lingual tonsils

36
Q

lymph node characteristics

A

1-25 mm in diameter

high concentration of lymph nodes in…
1. cervical region
2. axillary region
3. abdominal region
4. inguinal region
5. breasts

37
Q

lymph node structures

A
  1. afferent vessels
  2. capsule
  3. subscapular space
  4. outer cortex
  5. medulla
  6. medullary cords
  7. hilum
  8. efferent vessels
38
Q

where are lymphoid tissue and nodules highly concentrated?

A

in areas of susceptible to high injury

39
Q

cervical lymph node service

A

the head and neck

40
Q

axillary lymph node service

A

filters lymph from trunk and arms

also from mammary glands in women

41
Q

popliteal lymph node service

A

lymph from the legs

42
Q

periauricular lymph nodes

A

in front of the ear

43
Q

retroauricular lymph node

A

behind the ear

44
Q

inguinal lymph node service

A

lymph of the lower limbs and trunk

45
Q

thoracic lymph node service

A

lymph from the lungs, respiratory passages, mediastinal structures

46
Q

abdominal lymph nodes service

A

lymph from urinary and reproductive systems

47
Q

intestinal lymph node service

A

lymph from the digestive tract

48
Q

mesenterial lymph node service

A

lymph from the digestive tract too

49
Q

thymus characteristics

A
  1. larger in youth
  2. diminishes with age
  3. left and right thymic lobes
  4. medulla and cortex
  5. thymic corpuscles (hassal’s)
50
Q

thymus cortex

A
  1. stem cells differentiate to form T cells
  2. mature T cells migrate to the medulla
51
Q

thymus medulla

A
  1. matured T cells
  2. thymic corpuscles
52
Q

hassal’s corpuscles

A

theorized to take care of corrupted thymocytes

53
Q

spleen characteristics

A
  1. largest lymphoid organ
  2. attached to the stomach by the gastrosplenic ligament
  3. white pulp
  4. red pulp
  5. diaphragmatic surface
  6. visceral surface
  7. capsule
54
Q

visceral surface of the spleen

A

organs that touch the spleen make impressions here

it also contains the hilum of the spleen

BILD X13 (26 decks)

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