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lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

lymphatic system contents

A
  1. lymph
  2. lymphatic vessels
  3. lymphoid organs
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2
Q

the lymph consists of…

A
  1. ISF
  2. lymphocytes
  3. macrophages

the lymph fluid drains 1/10th of the ISF from the body

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3
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A
  1. thymus
  2. bone marrow
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4
Q

thymus function

A
  1. site of maturation for T cells produced by lymphocytes
  2. produce thymulin and thyroxine
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5
Q

bone marrow function

A
  1. site of B cell and NK cell maturation
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6
Q

secondary lymphoid tissue

A
  1. tonsils
  2. nodes
  3. spleen
  4. mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
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7
Q

notable nodes

A
  1. axillary
  2. cephalic
  3. inguinal
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8
Q

why is the spleen part of the lymphatic system?

A

the white pulp (lymphocytes) of the spleen takes care of worn out RBCs

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9
Q

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

A
  1. GALT
  2. VALT
  3. NALT

GALT = gut associated lymphoid tissue
VALT = vulvo-vaginal associated lymphoid tissue
NALT = nasal associated lymphoid tissue

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10
Q

efferent and afferent lymphatic vessels

A

enter and exit the lymph nodes

they are one way vessels into the lymph nodes that do not permit backwards flow of lymph

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11
Q

similarities to circulatory vessels

A
  1. valves
  2. thin walls

the valves of the lymphatic system prevent backwards flow

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12
Q

lymphatic system functions

A
  1. produce, maintain, distribute lymphocytes
  2. maintain normal blood volume
  3. alternate transport for…

hormones
nutrients
waste

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13
Q

3 cell types of the lymphatic system

A
  1. T cells –> cell mediated immunity
  2. B cells –> antibody mediated immunity
  3. NK cells –> viral and cancer cell response
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14
Q

lymphatic system and blood volume maintenance

A

the lymphatic system is connected to the circulatory system

it can drain 1/10th of the ISF to maintain the blood volume

the other 9/10th of ISF is drained into the veinous system

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15
Q

small lymphatic vessels are AKA…

A

lymphatic capillaries

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16
Q

large diameter lymphatic vessels are AKA…

A

lymphatic ducts

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17
Q

lymphatic capillary characteristics vs vascular capillaries

A
  1. larger diameter
  2. thinner walls
  3. irregular outline
  4. anchoring filaments
  5. greater permeability
  6. tunics are difficult to identify

anchoring filaments prevent the lymph vessels from collapsing on themselves

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18
Q

superficial lymphatic location and supply

A

in the subcutaneous layer

supplies the mucous lining of the…
1. digestive
2. respiratory
3. urinary
4. reproductive tracts

supplies serous lining of the…
1. pericardium
2. peritoneum
3. pleura

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19
Q

deep lymphatic location and supply

A

collects lymph in the…

  1. skeletal muscle
  2. neck
  3. limbs
  4. trunk
  5. visceral organs
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20
Q

where are lymphatic capillaries not found in?

A

in areas that lack blood supply

  1. cartilage matrix
  2. cornea
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21
Q

major lymphatic trunks

A

the convergence of superficial and deep lymphatic vessels

  1. lumbar
  2. intestinal
  3. bronchomediastinal
  4. subclavian
  5. jugular
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22
Q

right trunks and their drainage

A
  1. right jugular
  2. right lymphatic
  3. right subclavian
  4. right bronchomediastinal

all right trunks empty into the right subclavian vein

23
Q

left trunks and their drainage

A
  1. left jugular
  2. left subclavian
  3. left bronchomediastinal
  4. thoracic duct (left lymphatic)

all trunks drain into the left lymphatic (thoracic duct) which drains into the left subclavian and then the superior vena cava

24
Q

body regions that drain into the thoracic duct

A
  1. left arm
  2. left torso
  3. left neck
  4. left head
  5. abdomen
  6. both legs (right and left lumbar)

75% drainage

25
body regions that drain into the right lymphatic duct
1. right head 2. right neck 3. right arm 4. right torso 25% drainage
26
cisterna chyli
saclike structure at the start of the thoracic duct
27
t cell types
1. cytotoxic --> killer T 2. helper --> helps B cells mature into plasma cells 3. suppressor --> stops B cell maturing 4. memory --> remember invading antigens
28
b cell types
1. plasma cells --> antibody producing 2. memory b cells --> remember an invading antigen
29
NK cells
1. attack foreign cells 2. attack normal infected cells 3. attack cancer cells "immunological surveillance cells"
30
lymphocyte immune response sequence
1. macrophages eat foreign substances 2. present foreign antigens to T cells 3. T cell divides into cytotoxic, helper and memory T cells helper T cells produce cytokines to help B cells grow and produce antibodies macrophages use MHC to present antigens
31
antibody-antigen interaction on invading material
draws leukocytes to kill the bacteria
32
lymphocyte distributions
8 : 1 T cells and B cells in the blood 1 : 1 T cells and B cells in the spleen 1 : 3 T cells and B cells in the bone marrow lymphocytes live 4-20 years
33
lymph nodule characteristics
1. aggregation of lymphocytes in reticular tissue 2. germinal center that contains lymphocytes
34
lymphoid tissue types
1. MALT 2. tonsils 3. aggregated lymphoid nodules
35
5 tonsils
1x pharyngeal tonsil 2x palatine tonsils 2x lingual tonsils
36
lymph node characteristics
1-25 mm in diameter high concentration of lymph nodes in... 1. cervical region 2. axillary region 3. abdominal region 4. inguinal region 5. breasts
37
lymph node structures
1. afferent vessels 2. capsule 3. subscapular space 4. outer cortex 5. medulla 6. medullary cords 7. hilum 8. efferent vessels
38
where are lymphoid tissue and nodules highly concentrated?
in areas of susceptible to high injury
39
cervical lymph node service
the head and neck
40
axillary lymph node service
filters lymph from trunk and arms also from mammary glands in women
41
popliteal lymph node service
lymph from the legs
42
periauricular lymph nodes
in front of the ear
43
retroauricular lymph node
behind the ear
44
inguinal lymph node service
lymph of the lower limbs and trunk
45
thoracic lymph node service
lymph from the lungs, respiratory passages, mediastinal structures
46
abdominal lymph nodes service
lymph from urinary and reproductive systems
47
intestinal lymph node service
lymph from the digestive tract
48
mesenterial lymph node service
lymph from the digestive tract too
49
thymus characteristics
1. larger in youth 2. diminishes with age 3. left and right thymic lobes 4. medulla and cortex 5. thymic corpuscles (hassal's)
50
thymus cortex
1. stem cells differentiate to form T cells 2. mature T cells migrate to the medulla
51
thymus medulla
1. matured T cells 2. thymic corpuscles
52
hassal's corpuscles
theorized to take care of corrupted thymocytes
53
spleen characteristics
1. largest lymphoid organ 2. attached to the stomach by the gastrosplenic ligament 3. white pulp 4. red pulp 5. diaphragmatic surface 6. visceral surface 7. capsule
54
visceral surface of the spleen
organs that touch the spleen make impressions here it also contains the hilum of the spleen

BILD X13 (26 decks)

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