Urology I

Question 1

explain why?

PET is not commonly used in urinary tract examination

Answer 1

due to excretion of the tracer in the renal tract and poor uptake in many urological malignancies.

remember it’s two causes

Question 2

in urinary tract examination, we use ____ for anatomical information, and ____ for functional information, and ____ for both.

Answer 2

CT, MRI for anatomical.
radionuclide for functional
and IVU for both.

Question 3

how the renal pyramids and renal cortex appeare by US

Answer 3

renal cortx generate homogenous echoes (less reflective than those of adjacent liver and spleen). renal pyramid are seen as triangular hypoecoic areas. it’s more prominant in pediatric than in adult.

Question 4

what is the clinical significant if there are poor corticomedullary differentiation

Answer 4

renal insufficiency (or renal problem in general)

Question 5

what is the meaning of CTKUB and CTIVU

Answer 5

CTKUB: CT scan of the Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder.
CTIVU: CT Intravenous Urogram; imaging of urinary tract with contrast.

Question 6

Conditions associated with small kidneys (Unilateral but may be bilateral)

Answer 6

Ch.pyelonephritis, TB, obstructive atrophy, renal a. stenosis, hypoplasia

Question 7

Conditions associated with small kidneys (always bilateral)

Answer 7

radiation, ch. glomerulonephritis, HTN, DM, anlgesic nephropathy, collagen vascular disease

Question 8

Conditions associated with enlarged kidneys (always uni)

Answer 8

Compensatory hypertrophy

Question 9

Conditions associated with enlarged kidneys (maybe uni/bi)

Answer 9

bifid collecting system, renal mass, hydronephrosis.

Question 10

Conditions associated with enlarged kidneys (always bi)

Answer 10

renal v. thrombosis. polycystic disease, acute glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis.
/just remember amyloidosis
i think it’s enough/

Question 11

why you should take two films (with and without contrast)

very important

Answer 11

1. may one without contrast will be sufficient
2. the contrast may hide the finding (calculus)

Question 12

both kidnies are in the same level (T/F)

Answer 12

false the R-kidny appears lower.

Question 13

the indintations between the calices are considered abnormal findings (T/F)

Answer 13

false in general it’s abnormal except in case of persistence fetal lobulation 1) minor indintation 2) normal calices 3) mainly in the left kedney

Question 14

the shape of normal calix is

Answer 14

cupped due to the indentation of the papilla into the calix.

Question 15

(case by IVU) if you see cupped calix, incontinus uretur, indentation in the roof of bladder what is your diagnosis

Answer 15

normal, incontinus uretur is due to peristalsis emptying certain sections, the indentation of the roof is due to the uterus :)

Question 16

what is the first exam in pediatric in case urinary examination

Answer 16

voiding cysturethrogram