Female III (Obstetric)

Question 1

is US sufficient to assess pregnancy

Answer 1

NO

Question 2

ok .. what about trasvaginal sonography is it sufficient to rule out ectopic pregnancy

Answer 2

again, NO

Question 3

what is the Sonographic Signs of Pregnancy

Answer 3

1. Decidual thickening
2. Peri-sac flow
3. Intra-decidual sac sign
4. Double decidual sign
5. Yolk sac sign
6. Double bleb sign

Question 4

what is Pseudo Sac Sign

Answer 4

• Small central fluid collection in endometrial cavity (common in ectopic pregnancy).
• Echogenic borders differentiate from intrauterine fluid collection.
• Eccentric location suggests intrauterine pregnancy (IU) over ectopic pregnancy.

Question 5

Double Decidual Sac Sign

Answer 5

• Intrauterine fluid collection surrounded by two concentric echogenic rings.

Question 6

First Identifiable Structure in Gestational Sac

Answer 6

Yolk sac

Question 7

Important Numbers about Yolk Sac

Answer 7

1. Visible at 5–5.5 weeks.
2. Diameter not > 6mm.
3. One yolk sac give 1–2 embryos.

Question 8

when the Embryonic Pole is seen

Answer 8

Seen at 5–6 weeks.

Question 9

Ring Sign

Answer 9

Yolk sac + embryonic pole.

Question 10

Double Bleb Sign

Answer 10

Amnion adjacent to yolk sac.

Question 11

when the Cardiac Activity is seen

Answer 11

Seen at 6–7 weeks.
or when the CRL (5-7 mm)

CRL = crown-rump length

Question 12

Diagnosis of Embryonic Demise

Answer 12

1. Absent cardiac activity with CRL > 5–7mm.
2. Absent cardiac activity at gestational age > 7 weeks.
3. Absent cardiac activity with embryo seen by TAS.
4. Anembryonic pregnancy.

Question 13

triad of Molar Pregnancy

Answer 13

1. High beta-hCG.
2. Snowstorm appearance.
3. Theca lutein cysts.

Question 14

Radiological Description of Molar Pregnancy

Answer 14

Echogenic mass with multiple cystic spaces.

Question 15

Landmarks for Biparietal Diameter & Head Circumference

Answer 15

• two Thalami
• Cavum septum pellucidum
• Falx
• two lateral ventricles

Question 16

normal and abnormal fetal cerebellum by US

Answer 16

1. heart sign –> normal
2. banana sign –> abnormal

Question 17

special sign for small head

Answer 17

lemon sign

Question 18

special sign for anencephaly

Answer 18

frog sign

Question 19

review of main signs for conginital abnormality in the head& neck

Answer 19

lemon, banana, frog
ventriculomegaly
nuchal thickness

Question 20

hydrops by ultrasound

Answer 20

1. skin edema
2. hydrothorax
3. pericardial effusion
4. ascitis
5. thick placenta

Question 21

types of hydrops fetalis:

Answer 21

immune type 10%
non-immune type 90%

Question 22

bowl outside the abdomen (two types)

Answer 22

omphalocele (gut in umbilical cord)
gastroschisis (gut in amniotic cavity)