Chest III (pneumonia) Flashcards
which type of Pneumonia doesnt manifist with air bronchogram?
bronchopneumonia
…… called cavitary organism.
staphaureus
why staphaureus called cavitary organism?
may progress to abscess , or pneumatocele.
….. pneumonia isn’t easy to distinguish from lung tumour, and we should do …… if ……
Lobar pneumonia
CT scan
Not improved with antibiotic
define the Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Acute - diffuse - inflammatory lung injury
charactarized by
1. increase permeability (edema)
2. decrease aeriolation
3. increase work of breathing
4. decrease gas exchange
causes of ARDS
pulmonary
- smoking, downing, aspiration, irritants, even oxygen 😂 (O2 toxicity)
(hint: inhalation of bad substance)
- embolism (fat embolism, DIC)
- other: trauma and infection
extra pulmonary
- systemic inflammation
- systemic toxication (medication, drugs, paraquat)
how to describe ARDS radiologically
diffuse opacity
define emphysema
permanent enlargement of airspaces due to distruction of alveolar wall
causes of emphysema
- smoking
- irritants
- AAT (alpha anti trypsine deficiency)
how to describe emphysema radiologically by X-ray
- hyperinflation (more than 6 ribs ant and 9 ribs post)
- Hyperlucency
- widening of costophrenic angle
- increase of intercostal space
- Flattening of the diaphragm
- Tubular heart
- Increase in the retrosternal space (lateral view).
how to describe emphysema radiologically by CT scan
focal area of low density (bullae, blebs and spontaneous pneumothorax)
types of emphysema
- certriacenar (upper lobes)
- para acinar (peripherally)
- pan acinar (lower zone)
according to the types of emphysema can you expect the cause?
- certriacenar (smoking)
- pan acinar (alpha anti trypsine deficiency)
what is coronavirus?
Okay, I know you already know it—heck, even my grandma knows it! 😂
radiological appearance of COVID-19
- atypical pneumonia
- rarely pleural effusion
- ground glass opacity
- traction bronchiactasis
