CNS VI (Spine)

Question 1

investigation methods for spine

Answer 1

1. Plain spine X-rays
2. C.T.
3. MRI
4. Conventional and/or Computed Myelography
5. Spinal Angiography using digital subtraction (DSA)
6. Radio-isotope studies
7. Ultrasound

Question 2

There maybe shallow indentations on the upper and lower surfaces of the vertebral bodies, what is called and what is its significant

Answer 2

Schmorl’s nodes
no clinical significance

Question 3

what is Radiographic signs of spinal abnormality

Answer 3

1. Disc space narrowing
2. Collapse of vertebral bodies
3. Pedicle abnormalities
4. Dense vertebrae

Question 4

causes of disc space narrowing

Answer 4

1. Degenerative disc disease
2. disc space infection

Question 5

causes of Collapsed vertebral bodies

Answer 5

1. Neoplasm (metastases and myeloma)
2. Osteoporosis
3. Trauma
4. Infection
5. Eosinophilic granuloma

tumor trauma ♬ , infection granuloma ♬

Question 6

Pedicle abnormalities are assessed by wich view?

Answer 6

frontal

Question 7

Destruction or sclerosis of one or more of the pedicles is a sign of ____

Answer 7

spinal metastases

Question 8

causes of Dense vertebrae

Answer 8

1. Metastases
2. Lymphoma
3. Paget’s disease
4. Haemangioma
5. Healing fracture

Question 9

cervical spine injury is best identified by which view?

Answer 9

AP, lat, open mouth (peg view)

Question 10

What should you look for

Answer 10

1. Alignment of the vertebral bodies and facet joints.
2. Fractures of the vertebral bodies, pedicles, laminae and spinous processes.
3. Indirect signs of fracture such as prevertebral soft tissue swelling.

Question 11

types of cervical vertebral fracture (two special names)

Answer 11

1. Jefferson’s fracture (C1)
2. Hangman’s fracture (C2)
3. Teardrop fracture (occur in the neck, piece of bone looks like teardrop)

Question 12

What are other terms used to describe disc protrusions?

Answer 12

1. Migrated
2. Sequestered

Question 13

What are the possible sites of disc protrusions?

Answer 13

1. Central
2. Paracentral
3. Subarticular
4. Foraminal
5. Far lateral

Question 14

What structures can disc protrusions compress?

Answer 14

1. Thecal sac
2. Spinal cord
3. Nerve root

Question 15

what is the meaning of Spondylolisthesis

Answer 15

Spinal bone displacement:
The vertebra slips forward onto the vertebra below it.
Most frequently at L5/S1

Question 16

most common site of Spondylolisthesis (which vertebrae)

Answer 16

L5 / S1

Question 17

causes of Spondylolisthesis

Answer 17

congenital or trumatic

Question 18

descripe the infection of vertebra

Answer 18

1. early narrowing of disc space + endplate erosion
2. lately collapsed oif vertebral body
3. end by sclerosis

Question 19

Ankylosing spondylitis can cause vertebral fusion this sign is called:

Answer 19

bamboo spine

Question 20

congenital abnormalitis of spine

Answer 20

1. spina bifida occulta (25% of population)
2. meningocele
3. meningomyelocele

Question 21

causes of Spinal cord and cauda equine compression

Answer 21

1. Extradural lesions
2. Intradural extramedullary lesions
3. Intradural intramedullary lesions

Question 22

causes of Extradural lesions

Answer 22

1. myeloma, lymphoma and metastases
2. Infection
3. degenerative disc protusions

Question 23

causes of Intradural extramedullary lesions

Answer 23

1. meningioma
2. nerve sheath tumours such as neurofibromas or schwannomas.

Question 24

causes of Intradural intramedullary lesions

Answer 24

primary spinal cord tumour such as ependymoma, astrocytoma, or metastases

Question 25

what is the mening of Syringomyelia

Answer 25

Syringomyelia is a condition where a CSF-contained cavity forms within the middle of the cord due to local damage or mass.

Question 26

Ex of inflammatory spondylarthropathy:

Answer 26

Ankylosing spondylitis
Psoriatic arthropathy
Reiter’s syndrome

Question 27

The earliest radiographic change in case of spondylarthropathy

Answer 27

Fuzziness of the joint margins, followed by erosions which often start on the illiac side of the joint