CNS IV (trauma)

Question 1

Types of brain trauma

Answer 1

Closed
Penetrating brain injury

Question 2

Imaging Modality that used in brain trauma

Answer 2

CT
MRI
Skull Films (not imp)

Question 3

Best Modality for detect hge, and bone fracture

Answer 3

CT

Question 4

Absence of fracture does not exclude significant intracranial injury
T or F

Answer 4

T

Question 5

The decision to obtain CT study must be based on:

Answer 5

Clinial finding

Question 6

Types of brain injury due to trauma

Answer 6

Traumatic subarachnoid hge (tSAH)
Subdural hematoma (SDH)
Extradural hematoma (EDH)
Intraventricular hge
Cerebral hemorrhagic contusion
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI)

Question 7

2ry brain damage can also occur and manifists as:

Answer 7

generalized cerebral edema

Question 8

Complications of brain injury:
Hint: severe mass effect can result in :

Answer 8

Midline shift
Cerebral herniation
Hydrocephalus

Question 9

Approach to reading CT scan in brain:
Hint :ABBBC

Answer 9

Air filled structures
Bones (fractures)
Blood (types of hge)
Brain tissue
CSF spaces

Question 10

Air-fluid levels in the setting of trauma suggesting:

Answer 10

Fractures

Question 11

Normal air-spaces are black on both brain, and bone windows
Give examples:

Answer 11

Frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoid sinuses

Question 12

Mastoid opacification without trauma indicates:

Answer 12

Mastoiditis

Question 13

Fracture should not be confused with:

Answer 13

Sutures

Question 14

Talk about epidural hematoma

Answer 14

Located between the skull and dura
Cannot cross the sutures
Lens shaped high density
Associated with fracture
Most common MMA

Question 15

Talk about subdural hematoma

Answer 15

Crescent like collection of blood
Between dura and arachnoid
Dt disruption of bridging cortical veins
Can cross the suture but not the dural reflections

Question 16

interventricular hemorrhage can occure secondary to SAH & ICH only (T/F)

Answer 16

false
it can be isolated or secondary

Question 17

how the SAH appeare

Answer 17

blood in in the sulci, cristerns and sylvian fissure

sylvian fissure = lateral sulcus
cristerns = enlarged pockets of CSF

Question 18

what is the meaning of contusion

Answer 18

bruies of the brain

Question 19

how the contusion appear

Answer 19

area of low attenuation in the cortex
may associated with area of high intensity (intra cranial hemorrhage)
but remember
1. history of trauma
2. no fracture

Question 20

how the ICH appears

Answer 20

1. area of high density (maybe multiple)
2. mass effect
3. brain edema

Question 21

causes of interventricular haemorrhage

Answer 21

1. anti coagulation
2. hypertension
3. anerysm
4. drug abuse
5. trauma (less likely)
6. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) the most common cause

Question 22

causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 22

1. rupture of aneurysm (the most common)
2. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) (less common)

Question 23

treatment of interventricular haemorrhage

Answer 23

external ventricular drain