Chest IV (cardiac) Flashcards
how to discripe pericardial effusion radiologically?
round, globular appearance with no particular chamber enlargement
what is the cause of pericardial effusion?
pericarditis (viral pericardiatis)
[short note] dilated cardiomyopathy Vs pericardial effusion
in CMP
1. champers can be identified
2. increase pulmonary venus hypertension
3. no change in cardiac silhouette in decubitus
4. vascular pedicle is dilated or normal
how to discripe pneumopericardium radiologically?
- radiolucent bands of air outlining the cardiac border
- radiodense band due to thickning of visceral pericardium
how to discripe ventricular septal defect radiologically?
enlargemnt of the heart and pulmonary vessels (hint: the age of the patient =”child”)
how to discripe left atrial enlargement radiologically?
- widening of the carina (normal 45-75 degree)
- elevation of the left bronchus
- double atrial shadow (shadow within shadow)
- left atrial appendage enlargement (my hallmark)
how to discripe right atrial enlargement radiologically?
- right border more convex
- measurements: from midvertebral line >5cm, from vertebral border >2.5cm from sternal border >3.5cm
how to discripe right ventricular enlargement radiologically?
elevation of cardiac apex (boot shaped heart)
how to discripe left ventricular enlargement radiologically?
dilated aorta and rounded left ventricle (Shmoo sign)
how to discripe congestive cardiac failure radiologically?
cardiomegaly + pulmonary interstetioal edema + pleural effusion + kerley B lines
how to discripe myocardial infarction radiologically?
by MRI: thin enhanced wall = (side of old infarction)
how to discripe left atrial myxoma radiologically?
by CT: inhomogeneous inner enhancement (film defect)
DDs of anterior mediastinal masses?
4 Ts
1. thymus
2. teratoma
3. thyroid
4. terrible lymphoma
DDs of middle mediastinal masses?
forgut duplication cysts
aortic arch anomaly
lymphoma
