Chest IV (cardiac) Flashcards

1
Q

how to discripe pericardial effusion radiologically?

A

round, globular appearance with no particular chamber enlargement

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2
Q

what is the cause of pericardial effusion?

A

pericarditis (viral pericardiatis)

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2
Q

[short note] dilated cardiomyopathy Vs pericardial effusion

A

in CMP
1. champers can be identified
2. increase pulmonary venus hypertension
3. no change in cardiac silhouette in decubitus
4. vascular pedicle is dilated or normal

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3
Q

how to discripe pneumopericardium radiologically?

A
  1. radiolucent bands of air outlining the cardiac border
  2. radiodense band due to thickning of visceral pericardium
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4
Q

how to discripe ventricular septal defect radiologically?

A

enlargemnt of the heart and pulmonary vessels (hint: the age of the patient =”child”)

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5
Q

how to discripe left atrial enlargement radiologically?

A
  1. widening of the carina (normal 45-75 degree)
  2. elevation of the left bronchus
  3. double atrial shadow (shadow within shadow)
  4. left atrial appendage enlargement (my hallmark)
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6
Q

how to discripe right atrial enlargement radiologically?

A
  1. right border more convex
  2. measurements: from midvertebral line >5cm, from vertebral border >2.5cm from sternal border >3.5cm
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7
Q

how to discripe right ventricular enlargement radiologically?

A

elevation of cardiac apex (boot shaped heart)

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8
Q

how to discripe left ventricular enlargement radiologically?

A

dilated aorta and rounded left ventricle (Shmoo sign)

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9
Q

how to discripe congestive cardiac failure radiologically?

A

cardiomegaly + pulmonary interstetioal edema + pleural effusion + kerley B lines

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10
Q

how to discripe myocardial infarction radiologically?

A

by MRI: thin enhanced wall = (side of old infarction)

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11
Q

how to discripe left atrial myxoma radiologically?

A

by CT: inhomogeneous inner enhancement (film defect)

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12
Q

DDs of anterior mediastinal masses?

A

4 Ts
1. thymus
2. teratoma
3. thyroid
4. terrible lymphoma

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13
Q

DDs of middle mediastinal masses?

A

forgut duplication cysts
aortic arch anomaly
lymphoma

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