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anatomy and physiology > urinary system quiz > Flashcards

urinary system quiz Flashcards

1
Q

4 main organs of the urinary system

A

kidney,s ureters, bladder, urethra

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2
Q

kidney overall function

A

filter blood

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3
Q

ureters overall function

A

carry filtered contents to the bladder

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4
Q

bladder overall function

A

holds fluid that is going to be excreted

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5
Q

urethra overall function

A

carries fluid from the bladder to outside the body

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6
Q

shape of kindeys

A

bean shaped

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7
Q

kidneys are the primary site of

A

blood filtration

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8
Q

what stuff are filtered out by the kidneys

A

extra water, electrolytes, metabolic waste like urea

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9
Q

all waste from the kidneys are excreted in..

A

urine

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10
Q

3 “other jobs” of kidneys

A
  • make hormone EPO
  • filter out blood calcium
  • produce enzyme renin
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11
Q

EPO

A

erythropoietin

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12
Q

what happens when the kidneys make erythropoietin

A

causes erythrocyte hematopoiesis in bone marrow

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13
Q

what will kidneys do if RBC counts are low

A

produce more erythropoietin to fix it

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14
Q

when will the kidneys filter out more blood calcium

A

hypercalcemia

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15
Q

what causes the kidneys to filter more blood calcium in hypercalcemia

A

calcitonin

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16
Q

when will the kidneys filter out less blood calcium

A

hypocalcemia

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17
Q

what causes the kidneys to filter out less blood calcium in hypocalcemia

A

PTH

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18
Q

kidneys filtering blood calcium helps to maintain..

A

homeostasis

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19
Q

the kidneys produce the enzyme renin in response to what

A

in response to low blood pressure

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20
Q

what does renin initiate

A

a negative feedback loop that leads to blood pressure increasing

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21
Q

wat is Angiotensinogen

A

a protein found at low levels in the blood at all times, biologically inactive

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22
Q

what does renin cut

A

cuts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

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23
Q

angiotensin I is still

A

INACTIVE

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24
Q

angiotensin I is cut by

A

by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

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25
Q

after angiotensin I is cut it becomes

A

a smaller version, called angiotensin II

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26
Q

what things can angiotensin II do

A
  • serves as a vasoconstrictor
  • causes adrenal glands to release aldosterone
  • causes hypothalamus to secrete ADH
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27
Q

how does angiotensin II serve as a vasoconstrictor

A

causing tunica media of blood vessels to contractt

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28
Q

what happens when blood vessel contract

A

blood pressure goes up

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29
Q

what happens when angiotensin II causes adrenal glands to release the hormone aldosterone

A

aldosterone orders the kidneys to leave more sodium and potassium ions in the blood

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30
Q

more sodium and potassium ions in the blood cause

A

more water entering the bloodstream through osmosis…. blood pressure goes up

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31
Q

ADH

A

anti-diuretic hormone

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32
Q

anti-diuretic causes

A

the kidneys to add less water to the bladder and conserve more for the body

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33
Q

the kidneys adding less oxygen to the blood means…

A

more plasma, so blood pressure goes up

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34
Q

how much of the body’s blood flow do the kidneys receive

A

25%

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35
Q

how much blood per minuet do the kidneys receive

A

1.1 litres

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36
Q

blood comes towards the kidneys from where

A

the renal arteries

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37
Q

the renal arteries break into what

A

into arterioles then capillaries

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38
Q

what are capillaries

A

the smallest type of blood vessel and small substances can diffuse through their thin walls

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39
Q

why are capillaries in the kidneys interesting

A

they form glomeruli

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40
Q

what are glomeruli

A

clusters or tufts of looped vessels

41
Q

singular of glomeruli

A

glomerulus

42
Q

what things can pass through the walls of a cpillary

A

small particles

43
Q

what small particles are able to pass through the walls of a capillary

A

water molecules, dissolved ions, small proteins, and sugars

44
Q

what things cannot pass through the walls of a capillary (large things)

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

45
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney

A

the nephron

46
Q

how many nephrons do each of the two kidneys contain

A

1 million nephrons

47
Q

two main parts of the nephron

A

the renal corpuscle, the renal tubule

48
Q

what does the renal corpuscle do

A

filters things out of the blood

49
Q

what does the renal tubule do

A

carries the filtered stuff towards the ureters

50
Q

after filtered stuff goes to the ureters

A

goes to the bladder, then the urethra

51
Q

two parts of renal corpuscles

A

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

52
Q

glomeruli are found where

A

at the entrance of every nephron

53
Q

what is surrounding the glomerulus

A

cup-like structure called Bowman’s capsule

54
Q

what is filtrate

A

stuff filtered out of the blood by the glomeruli

55
Q

what happens to the filtrate in the bowman’s capsule

A

it gets caught

56
Q

what happens after filtrate is caught in the Bowman’s capsule

A

it enters the renal tubule and heads towards the ureters

57
Q

how much filtrate does the body produce per day

A

180 liters ( only some becomes urine)

58
Q

fluid collected into the bowman’s capsules embarks…

A

down the renal tubule towards the ureter

59
Q

the renal tubule touches what at many points

A

touches blood vessels at many points

60
Q

the renal tubules can transfer

A

certain particles into or out of the blood at certain regions along it

61
Q

things that can happen in the tubule:

A
  • reabsorption
  • secretion
  • excretion
62
Q

reabsorption in renal tubule

A

smaller, valuable molecules in filtrate exit the renal tubule and re-enter the blood stream

63
Q

what valuable things are reabsorbed in the renal tubule

A

glucose, ions, important proteins, some of the water

64
Q

how does secretion happen in the renal tubule

A

the body can take other things from the blood that was not filtered and dump them into the filtrate

65
Q

what things are secreted in the renal tubules

A

protons, urea, antibiotics, drugs, creatine

66
Q

how does excretion happen in the renal tubules

A

anything still in the renal tubule after reabsorption and secretion leaves the kidney and travels down the urinary tract

67
Q

are stuff in reabsorption seen in filtrate

A

no

68
Q

different things in the renal tubules can

A

get added or removed in different regions

69
Q

different regions in the renal tubules can be

A

manipulated into filtering / secreting more or less based on the presence of hormones (PTH or ADH)

70
Q

3 regions of the renal tubules from beginning to end

A
  1. proximal convoluted tubule
  2. loop of Henle
  3. distal convoluted tubule
71
Q

the loop of Henle can sometimes be broken into

A

into the descending loop and the ascending loop

72
Q

what happens to any fluid left in the kidneys after filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion

A

begins to pool in the renal pelvis

73
Q

what happens to fluid after it pools in the renal pelvis

A

drips out of the kidneys and the ureters

74
Q

after the ureters, fluid eventually lands in the

A

bladder

75
Q

how much urine can the bladder hold before you have the urge to pee

A

300mL (can hold quite a bit more)

76
Q

the urinary bladder hold urine until

A

the body decides to release it

77
Q

the bladder is simultaneously controlled by what muscle

A

smooth and skeletal

78
Q

the autonomic portion of the bladder regulates

A

the detrusor muscle

79
Q

what is the detrusor muscle

A

a smooth muscle that surrounds the bladder

80
Q

pinching the detrusor muscle does what

A

forces urine out

81
Q

relaxing the detrusor muscle

A

lets the bladder hold more urine

82
Q

what causes the detrusor muscle to contract, forcing liquid out

A

the parasympathetic nervous system

83
Q

the parasympathetic nervous system causing the detrusor muscle to contract and forcing urine out is

A

the U in SLUDGE-PM

84
Q

for the urinary sphincters there are

A

one internal, one external

85
Q

what are the urinary sphincters

A

two skeletal muscles that people can learn to control in bladder

86
Q

when you learn to control your urinary sphincters you are

A

potty trained

87
Q

when elderly people lose control of their urinary sphincters

A

incontinence

88
Q

what is the urethra again?

A

the tube running from the bladder to the outside of the body

89
Q

urine runs through the urethra in a

A

one way flow when the bladder’s sphincters are relaxed

90
Q

how long is the urethra in men

A

8 inches long

91
Q

how long is the urethra in women

A

2 inches long

92
Q

what often happens in the urinary tract

A

becomes infected with bacteria

93
Q

how do bacteria enter the urinary tract

A

through the end of the urthera

94
Q

does the urethra often get infected with bacteria

A

no

95
Q

where to UTIs most often happen

A

the bladder

96
Q

what happens in mot serious cases of UTIs

A

when bacteria travels to the kidneys

97
Q

women have nearly ____ the rate of UTIs

A

15 times

98
Q

why are women more prone to UTIs

A

their urethra is shorter, bacteria have less distance to travel to cause infection

anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

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