quiz 1 intro to bones

Question 1

5 main functions of bones

Answer 1

support
protection
movement 
storage
blood cell formation

Question 2

bones serve as what

Answer 2

a series of supports to hold the body together

Question 3

what does the Skelton do

Answer 3

provides support for vital organs

Question 4

what are the important organs

Answer 4

brain, heart, spinal cord

Question 5

pelvis does what

Answer 5

holds in organs

Question 6

what do legs act as

Answer 6

pillars to support weight

Question 7

what protects the brain

Answer 7

the skull

Question 8

what protects the heart

Answer 8

rib cage

Question 9

what protects the spinal cord

Answer 9

spine

Question 10

what else do bones serve as

Answer 10

levers pulled by muscles

Question 11

each muscle has one or more sites where it

Answer 11

attaches to bones/tendons

Question 12

bone matrix is made of a mix of

Answer 12

collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite

Question 13

over 99% of the body’s calcium is found where

Answer 13

the bones

Question 14

what is the formula for hydroxyapatite

Answer 14

Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)

Question 15

main elements in boen matrix

Answer 15

calcium and phosphorus

Question 16

calcium ions must be found in where in small amounts to what

Answer 16

the blood maintain charges in cells

Question 17

how does the thyroid detect blood calcium levels

Answer 17

chief cells in the parathyroid and C cells in the thyroid each have receptors to detect serum (blood) calcium levels

Question 18

what is the normal serum calcium levels

Answer 18

9-10 mg/dL

Question 19

when do you do when calcium blood levels are normal

Answer 19

neither cell type does anything

Question 20

what’s in it called when there is not enough calcium in the . blood

Answer 20

hypocalcemia

Question 21

what happens to combat hypocalcemia

Answer 21

chief cell’s receptors detect this sand trigger production and release of a hormone called parathyroids hormone (PTH)

Question 22

what is it called when there is too much calcium

Answer 22

hypercalcemia

Question 23

what happens to combat hypercalcemia

Answer 23

C cell’s receptors detect this and trigger production and release of a hormone called calcitonin

Question 24

regulating blood calcium levels are

Answer 24

negative feedback loops

Question 25

what are the functions of PTH

Answer 25

-it leads to the stimulation of osteoclast activity -it leads to the inhibition of osteoblast activity -it tells your kidneys to filter out less calcium from the blood it tells your kidneys to produce more of an enzyme which turns calcidiol into calcitriol (Vitamin D)

Question 26

what are osteoclast

Answer 26

bone cells that brea down bone matrix which releases calcium into blood

Question 27

what are osteoblasts

Answer 27

bone cells that build up bone matrix

Question 28

what does Vitamin D do

Answer 28

causes your small intestine to absorb more calcium than normal

Question 29

what does calcitonin do

Answer 29

- it inhibits the activity of osteoclasts | - it tells your kidneys to filter more calcium from the blood

Question 30

osteoblasts do not have receptors to can detect what?

Answer 30

calcitonin, so it has no effect on them

Question 31

what is Miacalcin

Answer 31

a prescription drug that uses salmon calcitonin to delay osteoporosis

Question 32

what is the production of blood

Answer 32

hematopoiesis

Question 33

where is red marrow found

Answer 33

in the shaft of long bone

Question 34

what is the function of red marrow

Answer 34

produces mostly erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Question 35

where is white marrow found

Answer 35

the shaft of long bone

Question 36

what does white marrow do

Answer 36

produces mostly leukocytes (white blood cells)

Question 37

all blood cells come from what

Answer 37

a cell line called hematopoietic stem cells which are pluripotent stem cells. theses cells live in bone marrow