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anatomy and physiology > female reproductive quiz > Flashcards

female reproductive quiz Flashcards

1
Q

which system is more complicated

A

yes

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2
Q

what are the gonads in females

A

the ovaries

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3
Q

what do the ovaries do

A

production and release of ova

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4
Q

what are ova

A

(sing is ovum) they are eggs

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5
Q

what is a difference between male and female gametes

A

ovaries have already produced all the eggs and more she will ever need before the baby is even born

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6
Q

about ho w many eggs do the ovaries produce

A

400,000

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7
Q

the female reproductive system needs to be able to accomodate…

A

rapid growth

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8
Q

if eggs are fertilized….

A

they begin to grow into a fetus

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9
Q

main components of female reproductive system

A

ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, endometrium

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10
Q

what do ovaries do

A

2 per woman, hold n release 1 egg per month

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11
Q

what do the fallopian tubes do

A

normal site of fertilization

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12
Q

what does the uterus do

A

hollow organ that receives and nourishes a fertilized egg

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13
Q

what is the endometrium

A

lining of the uterus

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14
Q

what does the endometrium do if an egg is fertilized,

A

the endometrium catches it and holds on to it

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15
Q

what does the endometrium do if an egg is not fertilized

A

the endometrium sloughs off and is expelled

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16
Q

vulva

A

the external female reproductive organs

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17
Q

labia

A

outer folds of vulva

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18
Q

inside labia

A

urethral opening

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19
Q

urethral opening

A

where urine is removed

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20
Q

vaginal opening

A

located dorsally and extends to the cervix

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21
Q

what is the cervix

A

entrance to the uterus

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22
Q

what is the hymen

A

thin fold of mucosa separating the inner vagina from the vulva

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23
Q

menstrual cycle

A

monthly cycle of fertilization

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24
Q

three parts of menstrual cycle

A

menses, proliferative stage, secretory stage

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25
Q

what days are menses

A

day 1-5

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26
Q

what days are proliferative stage

A

days 6-14

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27
Q

what days are secretory stages

A

days 15-28

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28
Q

what happens in menses

A

the endometrium sloughs off

bleeding as the detached tissue passes through the vagin

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29
Q

on average, females lose how much blood in menses

A

50-150ml

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30
Q

what happens in proliferative stage

A

-increased estrogen leads to gradual thickening of endometrium

31
Q

what happens on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle

A

LH levels spike, leading to ovulation

32
Q

what is ovulation

A

release of an egg from one of the ovaries

33
Q

what happens in secretory stage

A

progesterone is released, causing endometrial tissue to become full of nutrients

34
Q

what can happen to the egg in the secretory stage

A

if fertilized: embeds in the endometrium

if not: endometrium disintegrates at the end of stage

35
Q

usually estrogen is a

A

GnRH inhibitor

36
Q

what does it mean that estrogen is a GnRH inhibitor

A

causes less estrogen to be produced

37
Q

how does estrogen work

A

in a negative feedback loop

38
Q

what switch occurs on what day

A

day 12, estrogen causes GnRH production, rather than inhibiting it

39
Q

day 12 switches what

A

the negative feedback loop into a positive feedback loop

40
Q

day 12 causes a spike in what

A

the LH and FSH necessary for ovulation

41
Q

do the levels of estradiol, FSH, LH, progesterone vary across the menstrual cycle

A

yes

42
Q

how do contraceptives work

A

trick the body into thinking progesterone levels are or alter estrogen levels

43
Q

high levels of progesterone and or estrogens ….

A

stop GnRH from being produced, stops LH and estradiol from being made

44
Q

what is ovulation

A

release of an egg from an ovary

45
Q

how many of the ovaries release an egg each month

A

1

46
Q

misconceptions about ovulation

A
  • people think that the ovaries alternate months

- people think the egg is released into the fallopian tube

47
Q

correction to “people think that the ovaries alternate months”

A

it is random which ovary releases an ovum in a given month

48
Q

correction to “people think the egg is released into the fallopian tube”

A
  • egg is released into gap between ovary and fallopian tube

- “fingers” called fimbriae pull the ovum into the fallopian tube

49
Q

what happens in tintercourse

A

sperm released into vagina

50
Q

what do sperm do in vagina

A

seek to find the egg and fertilize it

51
Q

short window of fertilization (egg)

A

egg must be fertilized 24 hours from being released from the ovary

52
Q

short window of fertilization (sperm)

A

sperm can only survive in the acidic vagina for 72 hours

53
Q

which days the highest probability of pregnancy

A

the days shortly before and after ovulation

54
Q

where does fertilization usually happen

A

in the fallopian tubes

55
Q

what happens after fertilization in the fallopian tube

A

the egg travels and implants in the endometrial layer of the uterus

56
Q

what is ectopic pregnancy

A

when a fertilized zygote implants in the fallopian tube instead of the uterus and grows there

57
Q

ectopic pregnancy is the

A

leading cause of maternal death in pregnancy

58
Q

what happens once the first sperm reaches the egg

A

a fast block occurs to prevent polyspermy

59
Q

what is polyspermy

A

fertilization by more than one sperm

60
Q

what happens in the fast block to prevent polyspermy

A

release of K+ ions changes the charge inside the egg, preventing other sperm from entering

61
Q

what happens after fertilization

A

newly formed 2n zygote begins to divide rapidly into many cells

62
Q

the many cells the zygote is divided into

A

forms a blastocyst

63
Q

what else forms after fertilization

A

a placenta

64
Q

what does a placenta allow

A

easy transfer of blood and nutrients from the mother to the blastocyst

65
Q

what happens over the 40 weeks of pregnancy

A

the zygote slowly divides, grows, and reshapes

66
Q

when does an embryo form

A

3-8 weeks

67
Q

when fetus form

A

8-40 weeks

68
Q

changes to a women’s body are triggered

A

by release of new estrogens, specifically estriol

69
Q

changes to a woman’s body

A
  • increasing blood volume by 50%
  • growing placenta
  • increase respiratory, urinary, pulse rates
  • release of relaxin
70
Q

what will growing placenta do

A

filters blood for and nourishes the fetus

71
Q

why does pregnancy increase respiratory, urinary, pulse rates

A

pregnant women must provide oxygen and remove wastes for 2 organisms

72
Q

what is relaxin

A

protein hormone

73
Q

what does relaxin do

A

makes joints and ligaments in the abdomen relax.. allows stretching of the abdomen

74
Q

when is baby ready

A

after 40 weeks

anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

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