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anatomy and physiology > spring final > Flashcards

spring final Flashcards

1
Q

which does not compare anaerobic glycolysis to aerobic respiration

A

b) that anaerobic respiration is slower than aerobic

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2
Q

which should NOT be captured by Bowman’s capsule

A

c) platelets

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3
Q

A ballerina was dancing, and rolled her foot and her sole faced inwards… what did she have?

A

plantarflexion and inversion

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4
Q

how many sperm can be produced daily

A

100 million

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5
Q

which is a correct description of sperm components and release `

A

sperm is 10% ejaculate, 60% seminal vesicle, 30% prostate fluid

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6
Q

which of these is seen as a PAMP

A

peptidoglycan

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7
Q

what type of tissue (some lines and dots and you can’t really tell what is is??)

A

dense connective tissue

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8
Q

what is the ratio of a saccharide

A

1 carbon: 2 hydroge: 1 oxygen

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9
Q

which statement about temp regulation of the testes is true

A

cremaster moves up when cold

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10
Q

which is true about sperm and zygote

A
  • a sperm must find an egg and fertilize it within 72 hours

- fertilized zygote implants in the uterus

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11
Q

an antigen has multiple _____, which would bind to _____ on an antibody

A

epitopes, paratopes

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12
Q

inferior/superior vena cava > right atrium > ______ > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary arteries > ______ > pulmonary vein > left atrium > _______ > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > aorta > _________ > arterioles > capillaries > venules >veins

A

tricuspid valve, lungs, bicuspid valves, arteries

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13
Q
  1. in an EKG, which of these waves show the repolarization of ventricular cells
A

T wave

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14
Q

EKG with long pause and then inverted p wave

A

junctional escape beat

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15
Q

what correctly describes Meissner’s corpuscles

A
  • help people read braille or detect bugs on skin

- found as large bundles of cells w/ neuron interwoven between

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16
Q

True or False. Ventricular Septal Defect is a rare disease… affect 1/1300 children

A

false

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17
Q

what is the order of semen release

A

seminiferous tubules>epididymis>vas deferens> seminal vesicle and prostate add fluids>urethra

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18
Q

you can’t feel anything in your fingers.. what did that gnome say

A

corpus

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19
Q

a what temperature do the testes function best

A

96.5 degrees

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20
Q

One job of the ______ is to make a hormone called _________, that causes erythrocyte hematopoiesis in ____ bone marrow, located in the ____ of bone marrow

A

kidney, erythropoietin, red, head

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21
Q

which of the following was NOT a function of parathyroid hormone

A

inhibits osteoclasts

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22
Q

generally a _____ is found in veins to stop _____

A

valve system, backflow

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23
Q

what types of drugs are used to control a rapid heart

A

beta blockers

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24
Q

a person struck by lightning is red and blistered. some parts are very dark red with black

A

mainly 2nd degree w some 3rd degree burns

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25
Q

LPS is a PAMP found in

A

bacterial membranes

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26
Q

which is some function of PTH

A

increases osteoclast activity, decreases osteoblast activity

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27
Q

in which connective tissues would you most likely find WBCs

A

Areolar

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28
Q

__________ can grow to become several things, but not all things there are many in a full grown body

A

pluripotent stem cells

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29
Q

in females, when does estrogen switch from GnRH inhibitor to production

A

day 12

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30
Q

what is a characteristic of pivot joints

A

allows rotation around one plane

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31
Q

how many lobes does the left side of the lungs have

A

2

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32
Q

what is the correct order of blood leaving heart than returning (vessels)

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

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33
Q

which best describes the role of a T cell

A

identify digested guts on the surfaces of macropahes

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34
Q

mxedema can be best described as

A

hypothyroidism that occurs during adult life

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35
Q

order of body parts in inhalation

A

nasal cavity.. pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea

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36
Q

what signals muscles to contract

A

release of calcium ions

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37
Q

what 2 proteins run along actin fibers on thin filament

A

troponin, tropomyosin

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38
Q

lines organs that need to stretch and stretch with them

A

transitional epithelium

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39
Q

what best explains why muscles generate heat

A

atp hydrolysis is an exothermic reaction

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40
Q

looped vessels inside the kidneys are called

A

glomeruli

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41
Q

when a bone is done growing, it’s growth plate ossifies into solid bone known as

A

epiphyseal line

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42
Q

having a low blood glucose level promotesss

A

glucagon release

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43
Q

name the gland and hormone that increases the body’s blood pressure

A

hypothalamus and ADH

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44
Q

3 regions of renal tubule from beginning to end

A

proximal convolued tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

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45
Q

normal-ish looking ekg, but slow, only 6 contractions what is the rate

A

60 bpm

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46
Q

3 stages of menstrual cycle

A

menses, secretory stage, proliferative stage

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47
Q

what do cavernosal arteries undergo during erection

A

vasodilation

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48
Q

which of the following are found in the sympathetic nervous system

A

airway dilates
blood pressure increases
glycogenolysis in liver

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49
Q

seminal vesicle adds which of the following

A

fructose

zinc and enzymes

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50
Q

what step of vitamin d synthesis is trigerred by sun

A

cholesterol to cholecalciferol

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51
Q

the bodie’s last choice for making energy occurs when the N group is broken off and becomes

A

ammonia

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52
Q

what is the role of osteoprotegrin

A

bind to rank ligand and inactivate it

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53
Q

lungs are ________, the left lungs has ___ lobes, the right lung has _____

A

unsymmetrical, 2 , 3

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54
Q

what ions are released in a fast block

A

K +

55
Q

what role do prostaglandins play in the reproductive system, where can they be found

A

stop female immune response, found in seminal vesicle

56
Q

what does tropomyosin do

A

blocks the active site on actin

57
Q

the release of _____ ions change the charge of the egg to stop______

A

K+, polyspermy

58
Q

how man vertebrae in the spine, how many sacral

A

33;5

59
Q

what is hypoventilation

A

breathing slower than 12-20 times per minute

60
Q

which is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone

A

increases the rate of cell metabolism

61
Q

which scientist is responsible for naming a mechanoreceptor good for detecting light touch

A

georg meissner

62
Q

what would be a result of prolonged mitral valve prolapse

A

cells in the body won’t receive enough oxygenated blood

63
Q

what is a cause of atelectasis

A

mucus blocks airway.. can ve treated with percussions

64
Q

order of muscle from small to big

A

sarcomere-myofibril-muscle fiber/myocyte-fascicle-muscle

65
Q

when blood and air gets trapped in the pleural cavity

A

hemopneumothorax

66
Q

what is the growth plate

A

epiphyseal plate

67
Q

which is most basic

A

saliva

68
Q

which PAMP match is NOT correct

A

LPS is a major component of cell WALLS

69
Q

what holds atrioventricular valves together

A

chordae tendinae

70
Q

what separates the heart into 2

A

inreratrial septum and interventricular septum

71
Q

correct order of conduction in the heart

A

SA node-AV node-Bundle of His-Bundle Branches-Purkinje Fibers

72
Q

what would you see in castrati

A
  • unusually long limbs and ribs
  • tall and lanky
  • very high voice
73
Q

order of skeletal muscle from biggest to smallest

A

tendon»>epimysium-»fasicle»-endomysium-»>myocyte/muscle fiber

74
Q

difference between isometric and isotonic exercise

A

isometric is contracting but not moving, isotonic is both

75
Q

byproducts of aerobic and anaerobic

A

aerobic: CO2 anaerobic: lactic acid

76
Q

improper balance of Alpha and Beta subunits

A

thalassemia

77
Q

which is NOT a subcavity of the ventral cavity

A

cranial

78
Q

that red blood cell hormone made in the kidneys

A

erythropoietin

79
Q

AV node holds a signal for

A

.12 seconds

80
Q

what are glucans

A

component of fungal cell walls

81
Q

where does leftover fluid pool in the kidney

A

renal pelvis

82
Q

fast but lowkey normal EKG

A

sinus tachycardia

83
Q

The step in hemostasis in which endothelial cells of blood vessels secrete serotonin which cause the blood vessek to contract is called __________, is most effecive in _____

A

vascular spasm, arterioles

84
Q

you are shot in the head, the bullet only hit the pons, what did you die from

A

lack of oxygen

85
Q

a node of ranvier is found between two

A

schwann cells

86
Q

what is the total lung capacity minus residual volume

A

vital capacity

87
Q

three stages of menstrual cycle

A

menses, proliferative stage, secretory stage

88
Q

3.5 layers of heart from inside to outside

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardium

89
Q

are lungs symetrical

A

nope

90
Q

blood entering the right side of the heart travel through which valves first

A

tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve

91
Q

where could you find simple cuboidal epithelium

A

kidneys

92
Q

names of 2 pleurae that surround the lungs

A

visceral, parietal

93
Q

worst place to lodge a car in bronchi

A

primary bronchi

94
Q

when you administer antivenom it is

A

passive artificial immunity

95
Q

the disease rickets is caused by low blood calcium, why do children w rickets have bent legs

A

bones of the child are less resistent to compression because of lack of calcium

96
Q

pH of sebum

A

(4)-5.5

97
Q

where does the tricuspid valve go

A

between the right atrium and ventricle

98
Q

what is TRUUEE about PTH

A

made in response to low blood calcium levels

99
Q

what are T3 and T4 derivatives from

A

amino acids

100
Q

if someone has leukocytosis… they most likely have

A

cancer

101
Q

which type of membrane protein help hold hands

A

adhesion

102
Q

the head of bone is also called the

A

epiphysis

103
Q

what is a bone that does not exist

A

first middle phalanx

104
Q

normal site of fertilization in females

A

fallopian tube

105
Q

most common heart defect in humans

A

VSD

106
Q

important cell groups in seminiferous tubules

A

Leydig, Sertoli, Spermatogenic

107
Q

when sexually aroused, what arteries contract

A

cavernosal arteries

108
Q

what % of ejaculate is sperm

A

10

109
Q

what region is the 12th vertebrae from the top in

A

Thoracic

110
Q

the burial of the P wave in an ekg is most associated w

A

supraventricular tachycardia

111
Q

what causes the change inside a neuron from -70 mV to 30 mV

A

some ion channels open allowing positively charged particles like K+, Na+ and Ca+ to trickle into the cell

112
Q

which is NOt true of active immunity

A

only aquired through vaccines

113
Q

oxandrolone is considered a

A

steroid

114
Q

what factor does not affect membrane fluidity

A

pH

115
Q

which of the following is NOT an area where stratified squamous epithelium are found

A

alveoli

116
Q

joints between fused cranial bones are

A

synarthrotic

117
Q

what elements are required for maintaining the correct charge in a cell

A

sodium

118
Q

where could you find stratified squamous epithelium

A

vagina

119
Q

which bone bears the most weight

A

tibia

120
Q

athenolol is a drug that prevents norepinephrine from binding to beta-adrenergc receptors… it would cause the amount of tie between heart beats to

A

increase

121
Q

ON THE 14TH DAY of the menstrual cycle, what causes an egg to release from 1 of the ovaries

A

LH

122
Q

which injuries would be worse than C7-C8 spine injuries

A

C2

123
Q

the kidneys are _____ to the femur

A

superior

124
Q

the joint between the radius and ulna

A

pivot

125
Q

what happens to neurotransmitters after they bind to receptor on post-synaptic neuron

A

degraded by enzymes, reuptaken into presynaptic neuron

126
Q

which are NOT anatomical pairs

A

lateral rotation and flexion

127
Q

a venous embolism is a thrombus formed in the vein which blocks off

A

the pulmonary artery

128
Q

what is the difference between osteoblasts and osteocyrtes

A

osteocytes are mature osteoblasts, and communicate w/ other cells to maintain bone. they also build bone???

129
Q

what is a priapism, what is it apart of

A

erection , parasympathetic

130
Q

3 components found in blood in order

A

plasma, buffy coat, hematocrit

131
Q

*** that mr canik situation

A

change adrenal to hypothalamic and langerhans to leydig

132
Q

if you take too much advil…..

A

a kidney disease because advil could mess up ur blood filtration

133
Q

days 6-14 of the menstraul cycle is

A

proliferative stage

134
Q

disease that damages plasma proteins? hereditary? royal?

A

hemophilia

anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

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