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anatomy and physiology > quiz 2 biology > Flashcards

quiz 2 biology Flashcards

1
Q

Body

A

series of small things grouped together to form a bigger thing

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2
Q

What is the organization of life

A

Atoms-Molecules-Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ Systems

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3
Q

Over 99% of the atoms in the body are made up what four elements

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

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4
Q

what are other necessary atoms in small quantities

A

Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium

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5
Q

what does iron do in the body

A

is a necessary component of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

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6
Q

what does calcium do in the body

A

necessary for cell signals and muscle contraction

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7
Q

what does sodium and potassium do in the body

A

maintain the correct charge in the cell

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8
Q

what are molecules made of

A

atoms

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9
Q

what type of range of size do molecules have

A

huge

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10
Q

what is the biggest molecule in the body

A

chromosome 1 with over 1 billion atoms

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11
Q

4 main types of biomolecules

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins

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12
Q

almost all cells in the body are..

A

eukaryotic

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13
Q

define eukaryotic

A

organelles and a nucleus

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14
Q

can cells be very specialized

A

yes

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15
Q

what does it mean if cyte is at the end of a word

A

it’s a cell

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16
Q

what are tissues

A

group of cells with similar structure and function

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17
Q

what are the four main types of tissue in the body

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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18
Q

what does epithelial tissue do

A

serve as a covering for all face and body surfaces

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19
Q

what does connective tissue do

A

provides support for the body

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20
Q

what does muscle tissue do

A

allows body to move (contract)

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21
Q

what does nervous tissue do

A

controls the body through nerve impulses

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22
Q

what are organs made of

A

all of the tissue types inside

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23
Q

what is an organ system

A

organs working with each other to complete a full task

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24
Q

what is a carbohydrate

A

any molecule made of simple sugars

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25
whats another way to say simple sugars
saccarides
26
what are almost all saccharides in the human body
glucose
27
what is a saccharide
a ring of carbon atoms that have hydrogen and oxygen attached
28
what is the ratio of oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen in a saccharide
1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen
29
what are the two types of carbohydrates
simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates
30
define simple carbohydrates
made of one (mono) or two (di) rings (saccharides)
31
what's another way to say simple carbohydrates
sugars
32
define complex carbohydrates
made of three or more (poly) rings
33
what are complex carbohydrates also called
starches
34
carbs with 3 to five rings can also be called...
oligosaccharides
35
what does it means if something ends in ose
its a carbohydrate
36
what are carbohydrates usually used for
energy by breaking apart the chemical bonds in simple sugars, the body obtains energy to fuel almost all its functions
37
large amounts of carbohydrates consumed at once are stored where
the liver
38
glucose molecules are strung together in what type of chain in the liver
glycogen
39
plants, fungi, some bugs and shellfish also use carbohydrates for what
rigid structure compounds like cellulose and chitin
40
lipids are what compared to carbs
more varied in chemical structure , have more carbon and less oxygen
41
what does each angle represent in a drawing in organic chemistry
a carbon atom
42
what are two important examples of simple lipids in the body
cholesterol and steroids
43
what does the structure of steroid molecules revolve around
cholesterol
44
more complex molecules revolve around what molecule
glycerol
45
what attaches to the three OH groups on glycerol
chains of carbon known as fatty acids
46
what is the name of the bond between the fatty acids and glycerol
ester bond
47
what is the result of one glycerol and three fatty acids
a triglyceride
48
what does cholesterol do
converted into steroids for the body to send chemical messages via the endocrine system used to make cell membranes
49
what do triglycerides do
can be converted into phospholipids and used in cell membranes stored in adipose tissue for energy use later on
50
what are the two primary types of nucleic acid molecules
deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid
51
what is dna
genetic material
52
how is dna stored
in almost every cell in tight clusters called chromosomes
53
how many chromosomes in a cell
46 (23 from mom) (23 from dad)
54
should chromosomes be identical from one cell to another
yes ( unless mutation)
55
What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA
adenine-thymine | guanine-cytosine
56
what does the order of the bases in DNA determine
which protein will be formed
57
what is the structure of DNA
double helix
58
what is a karyotype
all 46 chromosomes from a cell laid out on a map
59
what does DNA hold instructions for
making proteins
60
what percentage of a chromosome actually holds the instructions for making proteins
1%
61
what are genes
parts of the chromosome with instructions for making proteins
62
how many genes in the human genome
20,000
63
how many copies of each gene in the human genome
two
64
how many base pairs in the genome
3 billion
65
can DNA be broken down for energy
yes
66
what are proteins
long strains of amino acids
67
do proteins fold
yes
68
how many amino acids in humans
20
69
what are the three main parts of an amino acid
the N side, the C side, the R side chain
70
which part of the amino acid makes each one unique
the R chain
71
the C side of an amino acid will always combine with what side of the next amino acid
the N side
72
what is the name of the chemical bonds holding amino acids together
peptide bonds
73
another name for proteins
polypeptides

anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

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