quiz 2 sex hormones Flashcards
androgens
hormones usually associated with men and maleness
where are androgens also found
in women, but 8x less common
where are androgens synthesized
in the adrenal glands in both sexes, ovaries of females and testes of males
most common and most important androgen
testosterone
all androgens are born out of what molecule
cholesterol
all androgens are
steroids
all androgens
need something to guide them through blood since not water soluble
what does testosterone bind t in blood
sex hormone binding globulin so it can travel through blood
when to androgens need to be released
at the onset of puberty
what happens so androgens can be released
the hypothalamus begins to create and secrete the protein GnRH
GnRH
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
GnRH does what
leaves the hypothalamus and travels to the pituitary gland
what does GnRH do at the pituitary gland
where it causes the secretion of a second protein hormone called LH
LH
luteinizing hormone
LH does what
leaves the pituitary gland and finds luteinizing hormone receptors
where are luteinizing hormone receptors located
in Leydig cells in the testes
Leydig cells begin what
the synthesis of testosterone
what is the HPG axis
the hypothalamus, pituitary, gonad
the HPG axis is the pathway the body uses….
to control sex hormone production
testosterone will enter cells and find…
androgen receptors
androgen receptors interact
with DNA to upregulate or downregulate at least 84 different genes (leads to many effects)
wat does testosterone do in vitro
- high enough levels lead to formation of the penis and gonads
- leads to masculinization or feminization of the brain even more than levels once the fetus reaches adulthood
wat does testosterone do in puberty
- leads to an increase in muscle mass
- leads to an increase in bone mineral density
- leads to formation of body hair, acne
wat does testosterone do in adults
- leads to the formation of sperm in males
- leads to increased sex drive (both sexes)
- romance, fatherhood leads to decreased testosterone levels