quiz 3 types of proteins

Question 1

what are the types of proteins

Answer 1

enzymes, signaling proteins, transport proteins, structural proteins, regulatory proteins

Question 2

are all enzyme proteins

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

what is the function of enzymes

Answer 3

to speed up chemical reactions and lower activation energy

Question 4

are enzymes used up

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what is a substrate

Answer 5

molecule(s) that initially attach to enzyme

Question 6

what is the product

Answer 6

molecule(s) released from the enzyme

Question 7

what is the active site

Answer 7

the place where the enzyme and substrate attach

Question 8

are there different enzymes for different chemical reactions

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

what is an enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 9

the enzyme an substrate attached together

Question 10

whats the equation for enzyme use

Answer 10

E + S becomes ES becomes EP becomes E + P

Question 11

what are the six examples of enzymes

Answer 11

salivary amylase, pepsin, DNA ligase, DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, ATP synthase

Question 12

what does salivary amylase do

Answer 12

it is an enzyme in saliva that breaks down starches into sugar

Question 13

what does pepsin do

Answer 13

it is found in the stomach, breaks down proteins into peptides, then into amino acids

Question 14

what does DNA ligase do

Answer 14

joins DNA strands together

Question 15

what does DNA helicase do

Answer 15

uncoils and separates DNA strands

Question 16

what does DNA polymerase do

Answer 16

builds DNA molecules by sticking nucleotides together

Question 17

what does ATP synthase do

Answer 17

enzyme that turns ADP into ATP

Question 18

do enzymes have a very specific shape

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

what are enzymes highly sensitive to

Answer 19

changes in pH or temperature

Question 20

can slight changes cause shape changes

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

changes in pH an temperature cause

Answer 21

denaturation

Question 22

example of important signaling protein

Answer 22

insulin

Question 23

what happens when cells in your pancreas detect glucose in your blood

Answer 23

insulin is released into your bloodstream

Question 24

what does insulin bind to

Answer 24

insulin receptors on cells

Question 25

does insulin enter the cell

Answer 25

no

Question 26

*what happens when insulin bounds to receptors

Answer 26

triggers a cascade that leads cells to be able to take in glucose from the blood and converts it into ATP

Question 27

why is insulin so important

Answer 27

without it, cells cannot take in glucose

Question 28

what is the problem with oxygen

Answer 28

it is not very soluble in water or blood, but must travel through it to get to tissues

Question 29

what does hemoglobin do

Answer 29

found in red blood cells, transports proteins, and transports oxygen to body cells

Question 30

how much oxygen can hemoglobin hold

Answer 30

each oxygen can hold 4 O2 molecules

Question 31

*****how does hemoglobin know when to “let go” of oxygen molecules

Answer 31

the Bohr effect: when tissues work hard they release CO2, CO2 reacts with water, forming H+ molecules and making the blood more acidic. When blood is more acidic, hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen, making it more prone to release it

Question 32

what are two other ways to say structural proteins

Answer 32

fibrous proteins or scleroproteins

Question 33

how are structural proteins different in shape than other body proteins

Answer 33

they aren’t globular

Question 34

three examples of scleroproteins

Answer 34

collagen, elastin, keratin

Question 35

what is the most abundant protein in the body

Answer 35

collagen at 30%

Question 36

what is the function of collagen

Answer 36

take up the extracellular space in the body, and is the main connective tissue

Question 37

are their many sub-types of collagen

Answer 37

yes

Question 38

what is the cause of scurvy

Answer 38

a lack of vitamin C

Question 39

why is vitamin C necessary

Answer 39

for two enzymes, prolyl hydroxylase , lysyl hydroxylase , to link one collagen protein to another, without vitamin C, collagen fibers do not function properly

Question 40

what is the result of scurvy

Answer 40

Result: fatigue, feeling “out of it”, limb pain
Later, swollen gums, shortness of breath, easily bruised skin
Finally, seizures, jaundice, edema, and death

Question 41

what do regulatory proteins do

Answer 41

cause genes to be turned up or down in response to certain events

Question 42

how do regulatory proteins accomplish their goal

Answer 42

usually by binding to DNA or RNA

Question 43

what is p53 often called

Answer 43

the guardian of the genome

Question 44

what are the two main functions of p53

Answer 44

• to stop the cell cycle if DNA damage is detected

- cause the cell to enter apoptosis if DNA damage not fixed

Question 45

what are found in virtually all cancer cells

Answer 45

Mutant or inactivated p53 genes

Question 46

what cells must do to become cancerous

Answer 46

inactivate or circumvent p53

Question 47

when is p53 inactive

Answer 47

usually present but when bound to mdm2

Question 48

what happens when DNA damage is detected in a cell

Answer 48

p53 separates from mdm2`

Question 49

what happens when p53 is alone

Answer 49

it will bind to a region of DNA and cause the genes the coding for the protein p21 to be expressed at higher rates

Question 50

what does p21 do

Answer 50

stops the cell cycle from continuing until the DNA damage has been repaired

Question 51

what is apoptosis

Answer 51

programmed cell death

Question 52

what happens if the dna damage is not repaired

Answer 52

p53 will lead to apoptosis by turning on other genes