Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy and physiology > quiz 1 structure and mechanism of hormones > Flashcards

quiz 1 structure and mechanism of hormones Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine is the opposite of the

A

nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the endocrine and nervous system both

A

transmit signals around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the nervous system is built for

A

speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the endocrine system is _____ and always uses

A

slower, hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

there are about ____ distinct hormones in the human body

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the three classes of hormones

A

amino acid derivatives
proteins
steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

depending on the type, the _____ of a hormone can be different

A

mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

whats a mechanism again

A

how a chemical causes its desired effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

steroids are all synthesized fro the molecule ____

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

steroids all look like

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do steroids usually end in

A

ol or one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are hormones that are proteins

A

long chains of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hormones that are proteins are significantly

A

larger than other hormones and water-soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

amino acid derivatives are synthesized from

A

various amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do amino acids look like

A

they are small and look like animo acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do would amino acids (amino acid derivatives) look like

A

short chains of carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

examples of amino acid derivatives

A

tyrosine, epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

example of a protein thats a horome

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where are hormones created

A

in glands located around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where are hormones secreted

A

into the bloodstream, where they travel to their intended target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

steroids are not what? why?

A

water-soluble, because they are made from cholesterol which is a lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do steroids require to travel through blood

A

a transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

if amino acid derivatives are non polar they

A

need transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

steroid hormones and most non polar amino acid derivatives are capable of what

A

passing through a cell’s membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

once inside, steroid hormones and nonpolar amino acid derivatives do WHAT????

A

bind to receptors and form a hormone-receptor complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does the hormone-receptor complex do

A

enters the nucleus and causes upregulation or downregulation of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

nonsteroid hormones and polar amino acid derivatives CANNOT…

A

pass through a cell’s plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

to______ nonsteroid hormones must

A

bind to a receptor on the cell’s membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

a membrane receptor activated by a nonsteroid hormone….

A

causes other molecules in the cell to invoke some kind of change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the most important hormones that the thyroid produces

A

T4 and T3

31
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

32
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

33
Q

T3 and T4 are jointly involved in

A

regulating cellular energy processes around the body

34
Q

differences between T3 and T4

A

T4 has one more iodine

35
Q

the thyroid is what percentage T4

A

80%

36
Q

the thyroid is what percentage T3

A

20%

37
Q

inside cells T4 is

A

converted to T3 (only one active in cells)

38
Q

when are T3 and T4 made

A

when the pituitary gland secrets TSH

39
Q

why do we even have T4

A

more stable in bloodstream

40
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

41
Q

T4 and T3 are

A

derivatives of the amino acids tyrosine, but have been combined with iodine

42
Q

once secreted, what do T4 and T3 do

A

bind to the transport protein TBG and travel through blood

43
Q

TBG

A

tyroxine-binding globulin

44
Q

know the tyroid gland

A

ok

45
Q

goiter

A

an enlarged thyroid gland (developing countries)

46
Q

what happens right after T3 and T4 enter the cell,

A

T4 is converted to T3, T3 passes through the nuclear membrane and bind to TR

47
Q

TR

A

thyroid hormone receptor

48
Q

what happens without T3

A

the thyroid receptor binds to DNA and blocks certain genes from being expressed

49
Q

what does T3 do

A

binds and causes TR to move off the DNA, allowing those genes to be expressed

50
Q

the newly expressed genes because of T3 binding to TR and moving it off dna do …

A

increase the rate of cellular metabolism in cells all across the body

51
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

when the thyroid makes too many hormones

52
Q

hypothyroidism

A

is when the thyroid does not make enough

53
Q

PTH is made by

A

chief cells in the parathyroid glands

54
Q

PTH is made in response to

A

low blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia)

55
Q

PTH is a…

A

protein

56
Q

PTH is made of how many amino acids

A

84 (kinda small)

57
Q

PTH binds to

A

binds to parathyroid hormone receptors on the outer membranes of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

58
Q

PTH causes

A

osteoblasts to slow down
osteoclasts to speed up

… releasing more calcium from bone and into the blood

59
Q

PTH also binds to receptors…..

A

on the kidney s

60
Q

PTH causes what on the kidneys

A

upregulation of an enzyme from a gene on DNA which converts calcidiol into Vitamin D

61
Q

when is vitamin D synthesized

A

when PTH send a signal to the kidneys

62
Q

vitamin is also a what

A

hormone

63
Q

what do people say that is only partly true

A

that sunlight gives you vitamin D

64
Q

vitamin D is what kind of hormone

A

a steroid hormone since it is synthesized from cholesterol

65
Q

what does sunlight directly cause

A

cholesterol to be converted into cholecalciferol in the skin ……

66
Q

cholecalciferol….

A

converted into calcidiol in the liver

67
Q

calcidiol…….

A

is converted to vitamin D in the kidney

68
Q

vitamin D……

A

attaches to vitamin D binding protein in the blood because it is not water soluble

69
Q

once vitamin D is in the blood

A

it travels until it finds and binds to a Vitamin D receptor

70
Q

where are vitamin D receptor located

A

in the nucleus of small intestine cells

71
Q

vitamin D and vitamin D receptor form

A

a hormone-receptor complex

72
Q

what does the hormone-receptor complex of vitamin D and vitamin d receptor do

A

binds to DNA and causes increased expression of protein calbindin

73
Q

calbindin

A

a channel in the membrane of small intestine that allows calcium to enter and be digested

74
Q

with more vitamin D

A

calcium levels increase

anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions