Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

anatomy and physiology > quiz 1 structure and mechanism of hormones > Flashcards

quiz 1 structure and mechanism of hormones Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine is the opposite of the

A

nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the endocrine and nervous system both

A

transmit signals around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the nervous system is built for

A

speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the endocrine system is _____ and always uses

A

slower, hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

there are about ____ distinct hormones in the human body

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the three classes of hormones

A

amino acid derivatives
proteins
steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

depending on the type, the _____ of a hormone can be different

A

mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

whats a mechanism again

A

how a chemical causes its desired effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

steroids are all synthesized fro the molecule ____

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

steroids all look like

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do steroids usually end in

A

ol or one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are hormones that are proteins

A

long chains of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hormones that are proteins are significantly

A

larger than other hormones and water-soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

amino acid derivatives are synthesized from

A

various amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do amino acids look like

A

they are small and look like animo acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do would amino acids (amino acid derivatives) look like

A

short chains of carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

examples of amino acid derivatives

A

tyrosine, epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

example of a protein thats a horome

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where are hormones created

A

in glands located around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where are hormones secreted

A

into the bloodstream, where they travel to their intended target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

steroids are not what? why?

A

water-soluble, because they are made from cholesterol which is a lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do steroids require to travel through blood

A

a transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

if amino acid derivatives are non polar they

A

need transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

steroid hormones and most non polar amino acid derivatives are capable of what

A

passing through a cell’s membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
once inside, steroid hormones and nonpolar amino acid derivatives do WHAT????
bind to receptors and form a hormone-receptor complex
26
what does the hormone-receptor complex do
enters the nucleus and causes upregulation or downregulation of proteins
27
nonsteroid hormones and polar amino acid derivatives CANNOT...
pass through a cell's plasma membrane
28
to______ nonsteroid hormones must
bind to a receptor on the cell's membrane
29
a membrane receptor activated by a nonsteroid hormone....
causes other molecules in the cell to invoke some kind of change
30
what are the most important hormones that the thyroid produces
T4 and T3
31
T4
thyroxine
32
T3
triiodothyronine
33
T3 and T4 are jointly involved in
regulating cellular energy processes around the body
34
differences between T3 and T4
T4 has one more iodine
35
the thyroid is what percentage T4
80%
36
the thyroid is what percentage T3
20%
37
inside cells T4 is
converted to T3 (only one active in cells)
38
when are T3 and T4 made
when the pituitary gland secrets TSH
39
why do we even have T4
more stable in bloodstream
40
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
41
T4 and T3 are
derivatives of the amino acids tyrosine, but have been combined with iodine
42
once secreted, what do T4 and T3 do
bind to the transport protein TBG and travel through blood
43
TBG
tyroxine-binding globulin
44
know the tyroid gland
ok
45
goiter
an enlarged thyroid gland (developing countries)
46
what happens right after T3 and T4 enter the cell,
T4 is converted to T3, T3 passes through the nuclear membrane and bind to TR
47
TR
thyroid hormone receptor
48
what happens without T3
the thyroid receptor binds to DNA and blocks certain genes from being expressed
49
what does T3 do
binds and causes TR to move off the DNA, allowing those genes to be expressed
50
the newly expressed genes because of T3 binding to TR and moving it off dna do ...
increase the rate of cellular metabolism in cells all across the body
51
hyperthyroidism
when the thyroid makes too many hormones
52
hypothyroidism
is when the thyroid does not make enough
53
PTH is made by
chief cells in the parathyroid glands
54
PTH is made in response to
low blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia)
55
PTH is a...
protein
56
PTH is made of how many amino acids
84 (kinda small)
57
PTH binds to
binds to parathyroid hormone receptors on the outer membranes of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
58
PTH causes
osteoblasts to slow down osteoclasts to speed up ... releasing more calcium from bone and into the blood
59
PTH also binds to receptors.....
on the kidney s
60
PTH causes what on the kidneys
upregulation of an enzyme from a gene on DNA which converts calcidiol into Vitamin D
61
when is vitamin D synthesized
when PTH send a signal to the kidneys
62
vitamin is also a what
hormone
63
what do people say that is only partly true
that sunlight gives you vitamin D
64
vitamin D is what kind of hormone
a steroid hormone since it is synthesized from cholesterol
65
what does sunlight directly cause
cholesterol to be converted into cholecalciferol in the skin ......
66
cholecalciferol....
converted into calcidiol in the liver
67
calcidiol.......
is converted to vitamin D in the kidney
68
vitamin D......
attaches to vitamin D binding protein in the blood because it is not water soluble
69
once vitamin D is in the blood
it travels until it finds and binds to a Vitamin D receptor
70
where are vitamin D receptor located
in the nucleus of small intestine cells
71
vitamin D and vitamin D receptor form
a hormone-receptor complex
72
what does the hormone-receptor complex of vitamin D and vitamin d receptor do
binds to DNA and causes increased expression of protein calbindin
73
calbindin
a channel in the membrane of small intestine that allows calcium to enter and be digested
74
with more vitamin D
calcium levels increase

anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions