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1. HLTH 108 > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

parts of urinary system:

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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2
Q

main general function: kidney, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

A

filters 150L water- reabsorbed into blood stream, only 1-2L are expelled as urine
- other reabsorbed products by nephron also back into bloodstream

kidneys: filter blood plasma (remove urea, uric acid, ammonia)

ureters, urinary bladder and urethra serve as passageways and storage of urine

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3
Q

kidney functions:

A
  • excrete waste products
  • enzymatic blood pressure regulation (secretes renin)

production of hormones:

  • calcitriol (active form of vit D, increases Ca)
  • erythropoietin (stimulates production of RBC)

regulates blood:

  • blood ionic composition
  • pH
  • volume
  • osmolarity
  • glucose levels
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4
Q

location: kidneys

A
  • retroperitoneal organ (only ant surface covered)
  • left kidney higher
  • posterior abdominal wall btw T12-L3 vertebrae
  • renal hilum (on concave border)
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5
Q

layers of tissue surrounding: kidney

A
  • renal capsule (DICT)
  • adipose capsule
  • renal fascia (DICT)
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6
Q

kidney parts:

A
  • renal cortex (outer)
  • renal medulla (inner) -> renal pyramids: apex- renal papillae -> towards hilum

renal column: cortex in btw pyramids

renal lobe: pyramid with cortex and half column each side
- segment

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7
Q

minor calyx:

A

receives urine from papillary ducts of ONE renal papilla

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8
Q

how many major and minor calyces per kidney:

A

minor: 8-18
major: 2-3

they are spaces to move filtrate

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9
Q

renal pelvis:

A

single large cavity in kidney connected ureter

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10
Q

renal sinus:

A

combo of: renal pelvis, calyces, renal blood vessels and nerves

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11
Q

difference btw filtrate and urine?

A

filtrate: products filtered in nephron all the way to minor calyx

then is called urine

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12
Q

flow of filtrate/urine:

A

pyramids -> renal papillae -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter

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13
Q

blood supply: kidney

A

renal arteries (from hilum) -> segmental arteries -> interlobar (around medulla) -> arcuate (base of medulla) -> afferent arterioles -> blood inside kidney

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14
Q

nephron parts:

A
  • renal corpuscle
  • glomerulus
  • glomerular (Bowman’s capsule)
  • renal tubule
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • loop of Henle
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • collecting ducts
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15
Q

types of nephron:

A

cortical: in cortex
juxtamedullary: sit more inside medulla

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16
Q

cortical nephron features:

A

80-85% nephrons

  • renal corpuscle in outer portion of cortex and
  • shorter loops of Henle only into outer region of medulla
  • thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle
  • tubules receive secretions from peritubular capillaries which reabsorb some filtrate
17
Q

juxtamedullary nephron features:

A

15-20% nephrons

  • renal corpuscle deep in cortex
  • long loops of Henle extend deep into medulla
  • ascending limb of LOH has thin and thick portions
  • tubules receive secretions from peritubular capillaries and casa recta -> also reabsorb some of the filtrate
  • enable kidney to secrete very conc. urine
18
Q

glomerular capsule layers:

A
  • visceral layer: modified s.s.e -> podocytes (pedicles, filtration slits) allow water and small molecules to filter into corpuscle space
  • parietal layer: sse.
  • capsular (Bowman’s) space-> blood not filtered passes into efferent arteries
19
Q

cells: proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

A

simple cuboidal epithlium with microvilli brush border

20
Q

cells: Loop of Henle- thin ascending and thick descending limb

A

simple squamous epithelium

21
Q

cells: thick ascending limb

A

simple cuboidal cells, to low columnar epithelium

22
Q

cells: most of distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

23
Q

cells: last part of DCT and all of collecting duct

A

simple cuboidal epithelium, consisting of principle cells and intercalated cells

24
Q

macula densa: features and juxtaglomerular cells

A

macula - final part of LOH, in contact with afferent arteriole

juxtaglomerular- modified smooth muscle cells in afferent arteriole wall

25
Q

ureters: features

A

muscular ducts carry urine from kidneys to bladder

  • retroperitoneal
  • stellate lumen (star shape)
  • 3 layered wall: muscosa, muscularis, adventitia
  • peristaltic movement
26
Q

ureters: blood supply

A

renal, testicular or ovarian arteries

- common iliac arteries

27
Q

urinary bladder general features/ location:

A

hollow organ with strong muscular wall,

  • distensible
  • pelvic cavity posterior to pubic symphysis
28
Q

ureters: mucosa cells and muscularis layers

A

transitional epithelium, lamina propria

- inner longitudinal, outer circular layers

29
Q

urinary bladder in relation to female body location:

A

inferior to uterus

  • anterior to rectum,
  • superior to vagina
  • posterior to pubic symphysis
30
Q

urinary bladder in relation to male body location:

A

anterior to rectum

- posterior to pubic symphysis

31
Q

urinary bladder: trigone

A
  • floor
  • triangular shape
  • ureteral openings
  • internal urethral orifice
32
Q

urinary bladder: apex

A

points to pubic symphysis

33
Q

urinary bladder: internal urethral sphincter

A

meeting point of urethra and bladder

34
Q

urinary bladder: wall

A
  • muscosa: transitional ep. lamina propria (forms rugae for distension)
  • muscularis
  • adventitia (poster, inferior aspects)
  • serosa (superior)
35
Q

detrusor muscle:

A
  • inner longitudinal
  • middle circular
  • outer longitudinal
36
Q

female urethra: wall, ends at

A

ends in external urethral orifice

mucosa, muscularis (circular layer)

37
Q

female urethra: mucosa cells

A

transitional - stratified columnar or pseudostratified columnar -> non keratinised simple squamous

38
Q

male urethra: parts

A
  • prostatic urethra (btw prostate glands)- also seminal vesicles/ vas deferens openings
  • membranous urethra
  • spongy/ penile urethra ends in external urethral orifice
39
Q

micturition:

A

discharging urine from urinary bladder: combo or involuntary and voluntary muscle contraction

1. HLTH 108 (29 decks)

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