Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. HLTH 108 > Lymphatic system > Flashcards

Lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

what general parts make up the lymphatic system:

A

lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid organs/ tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

components of lymphatic vessels:

A

capillaries, lymphatic vessels, ducts, trunks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

components of lymphoid organs/ tissues:

A

primary:

  • red bone marrow
  • thymus

secondary:

  • spleen
  • lymph nodes
  • lymphatic nodules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

general functions of lymphatic system:

A
  • drains excess interstitial fluid
  • transports dietary lipids/ lipid soluble vitamins

(carries out immune responses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

general flow of lymph:

A

interstitial fluid (lymph) –> lymphatic capillaries –> lymphatic vessels –> lymphatic trunks –> lymphatic ducts –> veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

general features: lymph vessels

A
  • thin walled
  • have valves
  • similar in structure to veins
  • lymph nodes (along lymph vessels)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

location: lymph trunks

A

lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, jugular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

two lymphatic ducts:

A
  • left lymphatic duct (thoracic duct)

- right lymphatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what areas are drained: L lymphatic duct

A
  • L side of head/ neck/ chest
  • L upper limb
  • whole body inferior to ribs
  • drains: junction of L internal jugular and L subclavian veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what areas are drained: R lymphatic duct

A
  • upper R side of body (inc. head, neck, chest)
  • R upper limb
  • drains: junction of R internal jugular and R subclavian veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what pumps help lymph flow:

A
  • skeletal muscle pump

- respiratory pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lymphedema: eg

A

swelling of tissue due to insufficient functioning of lymph system
- retention of fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

features/ function: red bone marrow

A
  • main site of haematopoiesis
  • pluripotent cells give rise: erthrocytes/ leukocytes
  • B Lymphocytes mature in bone marrow
  • T Lymphocytes migrate to thymus -> immunocompetent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

features/ function: thymus

A
  • bilobed organ: superior mediastinum btw sternum/ aorta, surrounded by thin capsule
  • fully functional at birth, matures at puberty, involutes
  • site of T Lymphocyte maturation
  • rich blood supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

features/ function: thymic lobule cortex

A
  • peripheral, dark zone
  • site of proliferation/ maturation of T Lymphocytes
  • dendritic cells, specialised epithelial cells (thymic hormones)
  • most T cells die via apoptosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thymic lobule: main parts

A

cortex and medulla

17
Q

features/ function: thymic lobule medulla

A
  • central, light zone
  • mature T cells
  • dendritic, epithelial, cells, macrophages
  • Hassall’s corpuscles: epithelial cells become filled with keratin, degenerate, calcify
  • more with maturity
18
Q

features/ function: spleen

A
  • left hypochondriac region (btw 9-11) ct. capsule
  • invaginates into spleen forming trabeculae
  • superior/ visceral surface
    s: convex- diaphragmatic
    v: visceral- gastric, renal, colic impressions

Hilum: splenic artery and vein, lymphatics, sympathetic nn.

19
Q

parts: parenchyma of the spleen

A

white pulp

red pulp

20
Q

parenchyma of the spleen: white pulp

A
  • lymph tissue around branches of splenic artery, central artery
  • immune function (B T cells) destruction of pathogens
21
Q

parenchyma of the spleen: red pulp

A

venous sinuses/ cords of splenic tissue -> splenic (Billroth’s) cords
- removal of old blood cells and platelets, storage of platelets, site haematopoiesis (foetal life)

22
Q

function: spleen

A
  • mounts primary immune response,
  • filtering blood,
  • destruction of blood cells
  • storage of platelets
  • production of erythrocytes (foetal)

not essential for life

23
Q

Splenomegaly: eg

A

enlargement of spleen

24
Q

features/ function: lymph nodes

A

small encapsulated organs located along pathway of lymphatic vessels
- small bean shaped, filters
- widely distributed throughout the body but concentrated in:
axilla, inguinial, mesenteries

25
Q

lymph node: network of sinuses/ flow

A

irregular channels through lymph node, contain reticular fibres, lymphocytes, macrophages

afferent lymphatic vessels –> subcapsular sinus –> trabecular sinuses –> medullary sinuses –> efferent lymph vessel (hilum)

26
Q

features/ function: lymphatic nodules

A

small, egg shaped mass of lymphatic tissue without capsule

  • found in lamina propria of mucous membranes of digestive, urinary, reproductive, respiratory systems
  • mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
27
Q

aggregations of lymphatic nodules:

A

tonsils, Peyer’s patches

28
Q

features/ function: tonsils

A

incompletely encapsulated lymphoid tissue

at junction of oral cavity , oropharynx and nasal c. and nasopharynx

  • palatine
  • pharyngeal
  • lingual
29
Q

immunity: general definition

A

body has system of cells which can distinguish self from non-self (foreign substance)

immune responses provide defence of body against invasion from

  • outside: bacteria, virus etc.
  • inside: abnormal cells
30
Q

cells of immune system and distributed how:

A

lymphocytes, plasma cells, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, phagocytic cells

  • blood
  • lymph
  • epithelial tissue
  • connective tissue
31
Q

features/ function: antigen

A

molecule capable of inducing immune response/ production of antibodies

can be:

  • protein
  • polysaccharide
  • bacteria
  • protozoa
  • virus infected cell
  • tumor cell
32
Q

2 types of responses to antigens:

A

humoral:
- immunoglobulins (antibodies Ab) secreted by plasma cells are involved in response

cellular:
- lymphocytes are involved

33
Q

features: antibody

A

glycoprotein, in immunoglobulin protein family (Ig)

34
Q

classes of antibodies:

A

IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD, IgM

35
Q

function/ action of antibodies:

A

neutralisation, opsonisation, complement system activation, cytotoxicity

36
Q

two types of immunity: general

A

innate: present from birth

adaptive (acquired/ specific)

37
Q

innate immunity:

A

fast, non specific, no memory

  • skin
  • mucous membranes
  • phagocytic cells (macrophage, neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells)
38
Q

adaptive immunity:

A

more efficient, high specific, has memory, activation of B/ T lymphocytes to destroy invading organisms

1. HLTH 108 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions