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1. HLTH 108 > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

main functions of digestive system:

A
  • ingestion
  • secretion
  • mixing and propulsion
  • digestion (mechanical, chemical)
  • absorption
  • defecation
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2
Q

define bolus:

A

soft rounded mass of food that is swallowed

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3
Q

define chyme:

A

semifluid mixture of partly digested food, and digestive secretions
- in stomach and small intestine

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4
Q

define feces:

A

discharged from rectum, from large intestines

- made up of bacteria, excretions and food residue```

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5
Q

list parts of alimentary canal:

A

aka gastrointestinal tract

  • oral cavity
  • pharynx
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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6
Q

list accessory digestive organs:

A
  • teeth
  • tongue
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
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7
Q

what is the alimentary canal: general

A

hollow tube with lumen, layers:

  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis
  • serosa/ adventitia
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8
Q

features: mucosa

A

mucous membrane

  • epithelial lining: enteroendocrine cells
  • lamina propria (areolar ct) MALT
  • muscularis mucosae (inner circular/ outer longitudinal layer) - smooth muscle
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9
Q

features: submucosa

A

areolar ct.

  • blood,
  • lymph vessels
  • submucosal (Meisnner’s) nerve plexus (ENS)`
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10
Q

GENERAL features: muscularis

A
  • internal (circular) and external (longitudinal) muscle layer
  • myenteric (Auerbach’s) nerve plexus (ENS)
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11
Q

type of muscle in muscularis layer and eg: skeletal and smooth muscle

A

skeletal:
- mouth
- pharynx
- superior/ middle part of - - oesophagus
- external anal sphincter

smooth muscle: others

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12
Q

features: serosa/ adventitia

A
  • serous membrane (covered by serous fluid)
  • areolar ct.
  • blood vessels, lymph vessels, simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)

adventitia: in oesophagus (single layer of ct.)

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13
Q

features: peritoneum

A

largest serous membrane: abdominopelvic cavity

  • parietal, visceral layers
  • peritoneal cavity (serous fluid)
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14
Q

list retroperitoneal organs:

A

duodenum, pancreas, ascending, descending colon, kidneys, adrenal glands

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15
Q

features: oral cavity

A

buccal cavity

  • cheeks
  • tongue
  • hard, soft palate
  • uvula
  • lips, teeth
  • oral vestibule
  • covered by mucous membrane: stratified squamous epithelium (keratinised in high impact areas)
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16
Q

features: tongue

A
  • 2 halves separated by median septum
  • mucous membrane: lingual frenulum

skeletal muscle:

  • extrinsic- og outside of tongue, floor of oral cavity moves tongue side to side/ in and out
  • intrinsic: og and insert into ct. of tongue, changes size and shape
17
Q

tongue: papillae

A
  • fungiform: taste buds on tip of tongue and margins
  • vallate: V shaped, post taste buds
  • foliate: lateral taste buds. degenerate in childhood, scarce
  • filliform: anterior 2/3, no taste buds, touch receptors
18
Q

teeth: general features

A

alveolar processes covered by gingiva (gum), periodontal ligament attachment

  • crown (above gingiva)
  • neck
  • root (within socket)

tissues: high Ca salts
- dentin
- enamel
- cementum

  • pulp cavity: ct, nerves, blood vessels, lymph
  • root canals
  • apical foramen
19
Q

how many dentitions:

A

deciduous (milk): 20

permanent: 32

20
Q

types of teeth

A
  • incisors
  • canines
  • premolars
  • molars
21
Q

dental caries:

A

decay of enamel, dentin into pulp

22
Q

features: salivary major and minor glands

A 
exocrine glands:
major paired: (90% of saliva)
- parotid
- submandibular
- sublingual

minor: (70% of mucus)
- lingual
- labial
- buccal
- molar
- palatine

23
Q

salivary glands: secretory portion and ducts

A

secretory: acini
- blind sacs (secretory cells)
produces secretions which drains to intercalated ducts -> striated ducts -> excretory ducts
- mucous, serous, mixed ducts

24
Q

parotid, submandibular and sublingual salivary gland secretions:

A

parotid: serious only
submandibular: mixed
sublingual: mostly mucous

25
Q

features: saliva

A
  1. 5% water
    - keeps mucous membrane moist
    - cleans teeth and mouth
    - lubricates, dissolves and starts chemical breakdown of food (amilase, lipase)
    - parasympathetic and sympathetic control
26
Q

features: pharynx

A
  • connects nasal cavity and oesophagus
  • wall: skeletal muscle, lined with mucous membrane
  • passageway for food and air
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx: stratified squamous epithelium
  • laryngopharynx: sse, begins at hyoid bone
27
Q

features: oesophagus

A
  • muscular tube
  • through mediastinum, through oesophageal hiatus -> ends at stomach
  • upper, lower sphincters

4 layers:
- mucosa (sse non-k), muscularis, adventitia, submucosa

28
Q

deglutition: list stages

A

voluntary, pharyngeal, oesophageal

29
Q

deglutition: features

A

v: bolus passed into oropharynx
p: involuntary passage of bolus- through pharynx to oesophagus
o: involuntary passage of bolus- from oesophagus to stomach

1. HLTH 108 (29 decks)

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