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1. HLTH 108 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

main components of cell:

A

plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

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2
Q

plasma membrane consists of:

A

double layer of phospholipids, cholesterol and glycolipids

different embedded proteins (transmembrane? and peripheral) = selective permeability

organelle membranes also have same basic structure

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3
Q

plasma membrane function:

A

physical barrier, regulates molecule movement in/out of cell, mediates cellular recognition/ interaction

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4
Q

protein function in plasma membrane:

A

receptors, enzymes and cell identity markers

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5
Q

plasma membrane fluids: (intracellular + extracellular)?

A

intracellular: cytosol
extracellular: interstitial- plasma and lymph

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6
Q

passive movement through membranes:

A

diffusion: molecules move from high - low conc.

facilitated dif: with aid of membrane carriers

osmosis: H2O molecules move from high - low conc.

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7
Q

active movement through membranes:

A

active transport: carrier mediated transport of solutes (from low - high conc.)

endocytosis:
- Pynocytosis: membrane engulfs fluid from extracellular env.
- Phagocytosis: membrane engulfs solid particles from extracellular env.

exocytosis: releasing molecules from cell = vesicle rupture

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8
Q

nucleus structure:

A

double layered nuclear membrane/ envelope

nuclear pores: selective gates- allow material in/out of nucleus

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9
Q

nucleus contents:

A

contains DNA, encoding instructions for cells, tissues, organs and whole organism

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10
Q

nucleolus:

A

dense sphere in nucleus, produces ribosomes (for protein synthesis)

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11
Q

chromatin:

A

threadlike mass of DNA, proteins and lil RNA

when dividing will coil and thicken into chromosomes

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12
Q

define cytoplasm: and contents

A

part of cell outside nucleus, bound by plasma membrane

has cytosol and organelles

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13
Q

cytosol:

A

fluid portion= water, dissolved solutes, suspended particles (metabolic products- non-moving, non-living components eg. pigment granules, lipid droplets, glycogen)

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14
Q

define + list organelles

A

specialised structures= cell growth, maintenance and reproduction

Cytoskeleton, rER/ sER, Golgi complex, endosomes, lysosomes, vesicles, mitochondria, peroxisomes, centrioles, ribosomes

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15
Q

cytoskeleton: structure/ function

A

cells crisscrossed with fibres of actin, tubilin and other proteins

maintain cell shape

movement of organelles, cell locomotion, muscle fibre contraction

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16
Q

cytoskeleton: types

A

microfilaments (actin, myosin)

intermediate filaments (keratin)

microtubules (tubilin)

17
Q

ribosome location/ composition/ importance:

A

organelles either free in cytosol or membrane-bound (on rER)

made of protein and RNA molecules

translate mRNA - protein

18
Q

endoplasmic reticulum:

A

interconnected membranes attached to n. envelope (rER) with minute folds= cisternae

rER: protein synthesis/storage -transported via vesicles

sER: lipid synthesis/storage and detoxification

19
Q

Golgi complex:

A

membrane + cisternae

complete modifications, sort/package products made by cell, cellular secretion (vesicles) - exocytosis

20
Q

mitochondria:

A

double membrane organelle- smooth outer + inner cristae/folds

aerobic respiration, converts carbs + oxy -> Co2 + h2o = ATP

holds own DNA, inherited from mother

21
Q

lysosomes: and eg

A

membrane bound vesicles made from Golgi complex

60+ digestive enzymes act on macromolecules both in/out of cell

leukocyte: large phagocytic lysosomes in white blood cells

22
Q

what is the Tay-Sachs disease?

A

in healthy child:

  • lipid (GM2) ganglioside in nerve cell as food
  • enzyme/lysosome Hex-A digests GM2

with disease:

  • Hex-A enzyme is not present
  • GM2 accumulates and eventually kills cells = shut down nervous system
23
Q

motile features: and 2 eg

A

made of microtubules, cilia and flagella

24
Q

cilia:

A

20 microtubules surrounded by plasma membrane

25
Q

flagella:

A

similar structure, but larger (eg. sperm)

26
Q

what are cell junctions/ eg

A

contact points between plasma membranes of tissue cells:

  • tight junction
  • adherens junc.
  • desmosomes
  • hemidesmosomes
  • gap junc.
27
Q

tight junction:

A

transmembrane proteins = weblike strands fusing neighbouring plasma membranes

28
Q

adherens junction:

A

adhesion belt/ plaques (thick layer of proteins attached to microfilaments and membrane proteins) joined by cadherins (transmembrane glycoprotein)

29
Q

desmosomes:

A

plaques of intermediate filaments and cadherins

30
Q

hemidesmosomes:

A

half of desmosome:

anchor cells to basement membrane, using integrin instead of cadherins

31
Q

gap junction:

A

connexins (membrane protein) creating connexons (tunnels) between cells

intercellular space in between adjacent cells

1. HLTH 108 (29 decks)

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