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1. HLTH 108 > Basic tissues + Epithelium > Flashcards

Basic tissues + Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

tissue definition:

A

group of similar cells/ cell products (extracellular matrix- liquid, semisolid, solid) which perform special function

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2
Q

basic tissues:

A
  • epithelial
  • nervous
  • connective
  • muscle
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3
Q

type of cells: epithelial

A

aggregated (mass), polyhedral shaped

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4
Q

type of cells: nervous

A

intertwining elongated processes

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5
Q

type of cells: muscle

A

elongated contractile

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6
Q

type of cells: connective

A

several types: fixed and wondering

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7
Q

amount of extracellular matrix: epithelial

A

small amount

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8
Q

amount of extracellular matrix: nervous

A

none

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9
Q

amount of extracellular matrix: muscle

A

moderate

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10
Q

amount of extracellular matrix: connective

A

abundant

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11
Q

main function: epithelial

A

lining, covering, protecting surfaces/ body cavities, glandular secretion

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12
Q

main function: nervous

A

transmit nervous impulse

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13
Q

main function: muscle

A

movement

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14
Q

main function: connective

A

support/ protection

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15
Q

eg. covering/lining/protecting surfaces and how?

A

skin, gut

cells in layers covering external surface or lining cavities

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16
Q

eg. secretion and how?

A

glands

specialised cells which produce secretions

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17
Q

eg. absorption

A

intestines

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18
Q

eg. sensation

A

neroepithelium

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19
Q

eg. contractility

A

myoepithelial cells

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20
Q

epithelial: structure

A

layer of tightly packed cells, eg pores are invaginations (infolding) of e. cell

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21
Q

epithelial: situated

A

polarised: always 1 exposed surface (apical/free)

one or several layers (basal layers)

alwaysconnected to connective tissue underneath (lamina propria)

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22
Q

epithelial: avascular?

A

no blood flow, receives nutrients from lamina propria

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23
Q

basement membrane:

A

membrane formed by secretion of epithelial/connective cells, separating epithelium from connective tissue

also selectively permeable filter between the tissues

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24
Q

two layers of basement membrane:

A

basal lamina:

  • protein filaments (laminin, collagen, glycoprotein, proteoglycans) in amorphus (shapeless) matrix
  • from epithelial cells

reticular lamina:

  • reticular fibres embedded in ground substance
  • from connective tissue
25
cell surface specialisations . eg:
microvilli, stereocillia, cilia
26
microvilli: and use, eg
small protrusions (brush border), made of microfilaments | increasing SA for absorption small intestine, proximal renal tubules
27
stereocilia use and eg:
elongated microvilli | eg. inner ear, epididymis (back of testicle), vas deferens (ducts which carry sperm)
28
cilia use and eg:
large elongated motile structure, made of microtubules inside cell membrane eg. respiratory epithelium
29
cell shapes:
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
30
cell layer arrangements:
simple, pseudostratified, stratified
31
types of simple cells:
si. squamous si. cuboidal si. columnar (non)/ ciliated si. pseudostratified (non)/ ciliated
32
types of stratified cells:
st. squamous (non)/ keratinised st. cuboidal st. columnar st. transitional
33
location and nucleus position: simple squamous epithelium
central flattened nucleus pulmonary alveoli, kidneys, inner wall lining of blood/lymphatic vessels (endothelium), form serous membrane (lining body cavities and organs)- pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium)
34
location and nucleus position: simple cuboidal epithelium
central round nucleus glands, glandular organs, ducts (ovary surface, salivary gland ducts, pancreas), kidney tubule lining
35
location and nucleus position: simple columnar epithelium
nucleus close to basement mem. lining of intestine, uterine tubes, bronchioles
36
location and nucleus position: pseudostratified epithelium
varied position of nucleus trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity
37
features/ function: simple squamous epithelium
flat irregular shaped cell, mosaic pattern function- diffusion, filtration
38
features/ function: simple cuboidal epithelium
tightly fitted cube-shape cells function- secretion, filtration, absorption
39
features/ function: simple columnar epithelium
tall columnar cells, tightly fitted function- protection, lubrication, secretion, absorption non-ciliated: has microvilli (increase SA) for absorption ciliated: support beating of secondary oocyte through uterine tube
40
features/ function: pseudostratified epithelium
different cell heights, appears to be stratified (eg. goblet cell) function- non ciliated: protection, secretion, (if ciliated) movement of particles
41
features/ function: stratified squamous epithelium
apical surface cells= squamous while deeper cells are cuboidal function: areas of wear and tear, top layer of cells constantly replaced via mitosis of innermost cells
42
stratified squamous epithelium and location: dry
keratinised cells: protein strengthens tissue, prevents water loss eg. epidermis
43
stratified squamous epithelium and location: wet
non-keratinised: mucosa for protection and secretion eg. mouth, oesophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal
44
features/ function/ location: stratified cuboidal
rare, only 2-3 layers of cuboidal for protection, secretion eg. sweat gland ducts, pancreas
45
features/ function/ location: stratified columnar
rare, basal layer (short irregular cells, apical cells= columnar) for protection, secretion eg. conjunctiva, large salivary gland ducts
46
features/ function/ location: transitional epithelium
cells with change form according to distension- flat (stretched), cuboidal (relaxed) for protection, distensibility (ability to swell) eg. urinary bladder lining, ureters, renal calyces
47
function/ eg: glandular epithelia cell
specialised cells for secretion, primarily export molecules: protein (insulin), lipids (steroids), salts (sweat glands), carbs (salivary glands) both uni/multicellular
48
features: exocrine glands
release secretions via system of ducts - open to surface of the body in contact with external or internal surfaces (Eg. skin, GIT)
49
features: endocrine glands
release secretory products (hormones) into extracellular space -> bloodstream
50
features/ eg/ location: unicellular glands
simplest secretory cells found among non-secretory (eg. goblet cell) goblet cell found in lining of intestines, respiratory tract, conjunctiva produce carbohydrate-rich glycoprotein, mucin secreted as mucus
51
features/ classification: multicellular glands
invaginations of tissue surface, secretory portions (deepest part) and ducts simple or compound (ducts) shape (secretory portion): tubular (tube) acinar (flask-like) tubuloacinar (tube with sac-like dilatation - dilated part)
52
list 8 types of multicellular glands:
- simple tubular - simple branched tubular - simple coiled tubular - simple acinar - simple branched acinar - compound tubular - compound acinar - compound tubuloacinar
53
method of secretion and eg: merocrine
via exocytosis (most common) where vesicles open onto cell surface, secretory product discharged from cell eg. pancreatic acinar cells
54
method of secretion and eg: apocrine
part of apical cytoplasm of cell is released WITH secretory product eg. apocrine sweat glands, mammary and prostate glands
55
method of secretion and eg: holocrine
breakdown of entire secretory cell eg. sebaceous skin glands
56
preparing a slide: fixation
to keep cells alive, formaldehyde, ethanol
57
preparing a slide: embedding
to make cells harder, paraffin wax, plastic resin
58
preparing a slide: sectioning
thinly slice sample, microtome
59
preparing a slide: staining
special dyes to see particular components: | haematoxylin (blue/purple stain) and eosin (pink/red)

1. HLTH 108 (29 decks)

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