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1. HLTH 108 > Basic tissues + Epithelium > Flashcards

Basic tissues + Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

tissue definition:

A

group of similar cells/ cell products (extracellular matrix- liquid, semisolid, solid) which perform special function

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2
Q

basic tissues:

A
  • epithelial
  • nervous
  • connective
  • muscle
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3
Q

type of cells: epithelial

A

aggregated (mass), polyhedral shaped

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4
Q

type of cells: nervous

A

intertwining elongated processes

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5
Q

type of cells: muscle

A

elongated contractile

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6
Q

type of cells: connective

A

several types: fixed and wondering

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7
Q

amount of extracellular matrix: epithelial

A

small amount

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8
Q

amount of extracellular matrix: nervous

A

none

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9
Q

amount of extracellular matrix: muscle

A

moderate

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10
Q

amount of extracellular matrix: connective

A

abundant

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11
Q

main function: epithelial

A

lining, covering, protecting surfaces/ body cavities, glandular secretion

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12
Q

main function: nervous

A

transmit nervous impulse

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13
Q

main function: muscle

A

movement

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14
Q

main function: connective

A

support/ protection

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15
Q

eg. covering/lining/protecting surfaces and how?

A

skin, gut

cells in layers covering external surface or lining cavities

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16
Q

eg. secretion and how?

A

glands

specialised cells which produce secretions

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17
Q

eg. absorption

A

intestines

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18
Q

eg. sensation

A

neroepithelium

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19
Q

eg. contractility

A

myoepithelial cells

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20
Q

epithelial: structure

A

layer of tightly packed cells, eg pores are invaginations (infolding) of e. cell

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21
Q

epithelial: situated

A

polarised: always 1 exposed surface (apical/free)

one or several layers (basal layers)

alwaysconnected to connective tissue underneath (lamina propria)

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22
Q

epithelial: avascular?

A

no blood flow, receives nutrients from lamina propria

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23
Q

basement membrane:

A

membrane formed by secretion of epithelial/connective cells, separating epithelium from connective tissue

also selectively permeable filter between the tissues

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24
Q

two layers of basement membrane:

A

basal lamina:

  • protein filaments (laminin, collagen, glycoprotein, proteoglycans) in amorphus (shapeless) matrix
  • from epithelial cells

reticular lamina:

  • reticular fibres embedded in ground substance
  • from connective tissue
25
Q

cell surface specialisations . eg:

A

microvilli, stereocillia, cilia

26
Q

microvilli: and use, eg

A

small protrusions (brush border), made of microfilaments

increasing SA for absorption
small intestine, proximal renal tubules

27
Q

stereocilia use and eg:

A

elongated microvilli

eg. inner ear, epididymis (back of testicle), vas deferens (ducts which carry sperm)

28
Q

cilia use and eg:

A

large elongated motile structure, made of microtubules inside cell membrane

eg. respiratory epithelium

29
Q

cell shapes:

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

30
Q

cell layer arrangements:

A

simple, pseudostratified, stratified

31
Q

types of simple cells:

A

si. squamous
si. cuboidal
si. columnar (non)/ ciliated
si. pseudostratified (non)/ ciliated

32
Q

types of stratified cells:

A

st. squamous (non)/ keratinised
st. cuboidal
st. columnar
st. transitional

33
Q

location and nucleus position: simple squamous epithelium

A

central flattened nucleus

pulmonary alveoli, kidneys, inner wall lining of blood/lymphatic vessels (endothelium), form serous membrane (lining body cavities and organs)- pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium)

34
Q

location and nucleus position: simple cuboidal epithelium

A

central round nucleus

glands, glandular organs, ducts (ovary surface, salivary gland ducts, pancreas), kidney tubule lining

35
Q

location and nucleus position: simple columnar epithelium

A

nucleus close to basement mem.

lining of intestine, uterine tubes, bronchioles

36
Q

location and nucleus position: pseudostratified epithelium

A

varied position of nucleus

trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity

37
Q

features/ function: simple squamous epithelium

A

flat irregular shaped cell, mosaic pattern

function- diffusion, filtration

38
Q

features/ function: simple cuboidal epithelium

A

tightly fitted cube-shape cells

function- secretion, filtration, absorption

39
Q

features/ function: simple columnar epithelium

A

tall columnar cells, tightly fitted

function- protection, lubrication, secretion, absorption

non-ciliated: has microvilli (increase SA) for absorption

ciliated: support beating of secondary oocyte through uterine tube

40
Q

features/ function: pseudostratified epithelium

A

different cell heights, appears to be stratified (eg. goblet cell)

function- non ciliated: protection, secretion,
(if ciliated) movement of particles

41
Q

features/ function: stratified squamous epithelium

A

apical surface cells= squamous while deeper cells are cuboidal

function: areas of wear and tear, top layer of cells constantly replaced via mitosis of innermost cells

42
Q

stratified squamous epithelium and location: dry

A

keratinised cells:
protein strengthens tissue, prevents water loss

eg. epidermis

43
Q

stratified squamous epithelium and location: wet

A

non-keratinised: mucosa
for protection and secretion

eg. mouth, oesophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal

44
Q

features/ function/ location: stratified cuboidal

A

rare, only 2-3 layers of cuboidal

for protection, secretion

eg. sweat gland ducts, pancreas

45
Q

features/ function/ location: stratified columnar

A

rare, basal layer (short irregular cells, apical cells= columnar)

for protection, secretion

eg. conjunctiva, large salivary gland ducts

46
Q

features/ function/ location: transitional epithelium

A

cells with change form according to distension- flat (stretched), cuboidal (relaxed)

for protection, distensibility (ability to swell)

eg. urinary bladder lining, ureters, renal calyces

47
Q

function/ eg: glandular epithelia cell

A

specialised cells for secretion, primarily export molecules:
protein (insulin), lipids (steroids), salts (sweat glands), carbs (salivary glands)

both uni/multicellular

48
Q

features: exocrine glands

A

release secretions via system of ducts - open to surface of the body

in contact with external or internal surfaces (Eg. skin, GIT)

49
Q

features: endocrine glands

A

release secretory products (hormones) into extracellular space -> bloodstream

50
Q

features/ eg/ location: unicellular glands

A

simplest secretory cells found among non-secretory (eg. goblet cell)

goblet cell found in lining of intestines, respiratory tract, conjunctiva

produce carbohydrate-rich glycoprotein, mucin secreted as mucus

51
Q

features/ classification: multicellular glands

A

invaginations of tissue surface, secretory portions (deepest part) and ducts

simple or compound (ducts)

shape (secretory portion):
tubular (tube)
acinar (flask-like)
tubuloacinar (tube with sac-like dilatation - dilated part)

52
Q

list 8 types of multicellular glands:

A
  • simple tubular
  • simple branched tubular
  • simple coiled tubular
  • simple acinar
  • simple branched acinar
  • compound tubular
  • compound acinar
  • compound tubuloacinar
53
Q

method of secretion and eg: merocrine

A

via exocytosis (most common) where vesicles open onto cell surface, secretory product discharged from cell

eg. pancreatic acinar cells

54
Q

method of secretion and eg: apocrine

A

part of apical cytoplasm of cell is released WITH secretory product

eg. apocrine sweat glands, mammary and prostate glands

55
Q

method of secretion and eg: holocrine

A

breakdown of entire secretory cell

eg. sebaceous skin glands

56
Q

preparing a slide: fixation

A

to keep cells alive, formaldehyde, ethanol

57
Q

preparing a slide: embedding

A

to make cells harder, paraffin wax, plastic resin

58
Q

preparing a slide: sectioning

A

thinly slice sample, microtome

59
Q

preparing a slide: staining

A

special dyes to see particular components:

haematoxylin (blue/purple stain) and eosin (pink/red)

1. HLTH 108 (29 decks)

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