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1. HLTH 108 > Brain Pt. 2 and Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Brain Pt. 2 and Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

names all lobes:

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

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2
Q

sulcus/ gyrus related to lobe: frontal

A

central sulcus, pre-central gyrus

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3
Q

sulcus/ gyrus related to lobe: parietal

A

post central gyrus

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4
Q

sulcus/ gyrus related to lobe: temporal

A

lateral cerebral sulcus

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5
Q

sulcus/ gyrus related to lobe: occipital

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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6
Q

list all primary areas of cerebral cortex:

A

primary: somatosensory, visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory

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7
Q

where is the location of primary somatosensory area: and features

A

postcentral gyrus,

impulses for touch, proprioception, pain, itching, tickle, thermal sensation

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8
Q

where is the location of primary visual area:

A

posterior end of occipital lobe

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9
Q

where is the location of primary auditory area:

A

superior part of temporal lobe

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10
Q

where is the location of primary gustatory area:

A

base of post central gyrus

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11
Q

where is the location of primary olfactory area:

A

medial aspect of temporal lobe

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12
Q

list motor areas:

A

primary motor area, Broca’s speech area

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13
Q

where is the location of primary motor area: and features

A

precentral gyrus

voluntary muscle contractions

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14
Q

where is the location of Broca’s speech area: and features

A

frontal cortex, close to lateral cerebral gyrus

coordinated contraction of muscles involves in speech

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15
Q

somatosensory association area: location, features and function

A

posterior to primary somatosensory area

  • determines shape, texture, orientation and relations of the parts of the objects
  • compares with previous sensory experiences
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16
Q

prefrontal cortex: location and function

A

anterior part of frontal lobe

personality features, intellect, complex learning abilities, reasoning, planning, initiative, judgement, foresight and recall of info

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17
Q

list all association areas:

A

somatosensory, prefrontal cortex, visual, auditory, common integrative, premotor, Wernicke’s area

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18
Q

visual association area: location and function

A

occipital lobe,

recognition and evaluation of visual perceptions

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19
Q

auditory association area: location and function

A

inferior/posterior to primary auditory area

recognition of auditory perceptions

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20
Q

common integrative area: location and function

A

close to somatosensory, visual and auditory areas

receives and integrates sensory impulses and interpretations from different areas

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21
Q

premotor association area: location and function

A

anterior to primary motor area

complex and learned motor activity patterns

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22
Q

Wenicke’s area: location and function

A

temporal and parietal lobes

interprets meaning of speech (fluent aphasia)

23
Q

general functions of left hemisphere:

A
  • receives somatic sensory signals from/controls muscles on R side of body
  • reasoning
  • numerical and scientific skills
  • ability to use/ understand sign language
  • spoken and written language
24
Q

general functions of right hemisphere:

A
  • receives somatic sensory signals from/ controls muscles on L side of body
  • musical and artistic awareness
  • space and pattern perception
  • recognition of faces/ emotional content of facial expression
  • generating emotional content of language
  • generating mental images to compare spatial relationships
  • identifying and discriminating among odours
25
Q

features/ function: diencephalon

A

centrally positioned, surrounded by cerebral hemispheres, superior to midbrain
- encloses third ventricle

parts: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

26
Q

features/ nuclei: thalamus

A

paired oval masses (grey matter) and tracts (white matter)

  • R/L halves connected by intermediate mass (interthalamic adhesion)
  • 7 major groups of nuclei (paired)
  • internal capsule: axons connecting to thalamus and cerebral cortex
27
Q

function: thalamus

A

major relay station:

  • sensory impulses, crude perceptions (pain, temp, pressure)
  • motor function: transmission of impulses from cerebellum and basal ganglia -> primary motor cortex
  • regulation of autonomic activites
  • maintains consciousness
28
Q

features/ function: hypothalamus

A

several nuclei in 4 regions (mammillary, tuberal, supraoptic, preoptic)

  • controls/ integrates activities of ANS, produce hormones, body temp, regulates emotional/ behavioural patterns, eating/ drinking, circadian rhythm, states of consciousness
29
Q

features/ function: epithalamus

A

pineal gland: posterior extremity of 3rd ventricle (melatonin) and habenular nuclei (olfaction)

30
Q

cerebellum: location/ general features

A

posterior/ inferior aspect of cranial cavity

  • posterior to medulla, pons
  • inferior to cerebrum (tentorium cerebelli)

evaluates movement, regulates posture and balance
- cortex folded into folia, white matter (arbour vitae): cerebellar nuclei

31
Q

cerebellum: lobes/ hemispheres/ peduncles

A

connected by vermis

  • anterior, posterior and flocculo-nodular lobes
  • peduncles: bundles of white matter, attach cerebellum to brain stem, superior/ middle/ inferior
32
Q

list parts of brainstem:

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

33
Q

midbrain: location/ parts

A

btw diencephalon and pons, containing cerebral aqueduct (connects 3/4th ventricles) made of tracts of nuclei

anterior part:
- cerebral peduncles (tracts) motor impulses from cerebrum -> pons, medulla, spinal cord, sensory medullar -> thalamus

posterior part (tectum):
- 4 elevations: 2 superior (reflex centres for visual activities) 2 inferior colliculi (auditory pathways)
34
Q

midbrain: nuclei

A
  • Substantia Nigra (controls subconscious muscular activities)
  • red nuclei (coordination of muscular activities)
  • occulomotor and trochlear cranial nerves
35
Q

pons: : location/ parts

A

btw midbrain/ medulla, contains 4th ventricle (btw pons/ cerebellum) made of tracts/ nuclei

ventral region:
- relay station for white matter tracts connecting cerebral/ cerebellar hemispheres (coordination of voluntary movement)

dorsal region:

  • ascending sensory/ descending motor tracts
  • cranial nerves nuclei: trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear
36
Q

medulla oblongata: location/ white matter

A

btw pons/ spinal cord (foramen magnum), similar to spinal cord

white matter:

  • ascending/ descending tracts
  • 2 anterior protrusions: pyramids (motor tracts)
  • decussation of pyramids 90% of axons on both sides cross to other side
  • olives: relay impulses from proprioceptors to cerebellum- lateral to the pyramids
37
Q

medulla oblongata: grey matter

A

cardiovascular centre, rhythmicity area (breathing), reflexes for vomiting, sneezing, coughing
- cranial nerves: vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

38
Q

reticular formation:

A

network of neuronal cell bodies dispersed within white matter, from diencephalon, through brain stem to upper part of spinal cord
- helps maintain consciousness

39
Q

cranial nerves: general info

A

12 pairs:

  • sensory
  • motor
  • mixed

passes through foramina in cranial base

40
Q

list all cranial nerves I-XII

A 
I Olfactory
II Optic
III occulomotor
IV trochlear
V trigeminal
VI abducens
VII facial
VIII vestibulocochlear
IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus
XI accessory
XII hypoglossal
41
Q

list cranial nerves whether they are sensory, motor or both:

A 
Some
Say
Money
Matters
But
My
Big
Brother
Says
Big
Brains
Matter
More
42
Q

Olfactory: features/ function/ location

A

I: sensory

smell,

  • smell receptors in nasal cavity
  • olfactory bulbs/ tracts
43
Q

optic: features/ function/ location

A

II: sensory

vision

  • retina
  • optic chiasm, optic tract
44
Q

occulomotor: features/ function/ location

A

III: motor

moving upper eyelid/ eyeball, autonomic (parasympathetic)
- lens and pupil

45
Q

trochlear: features/ function/ location

A

IV: motor

movement of eyeball

46
Q

trigeminal: features/ function/ location

A

V: both

  • sensory (touch, proprioception, temp, pain)
  • motor (muscles of mastication)

branches

  • ophthalmic
  • maxillary
  • mandibular
47
Q

abducens: features/ function/ location

A

VI: motor

movement of eyeball

48
Q

facial: features/ function/ location

A

VII: both

  • sensory (taste, proprioception)
  • motor (m. facial expression)
  • parasympathetic (salivary/ lacrimal glands)
49
Q

vestibulocochlear: features/ function/ location

A

VIII: sensory

equilibrium and hearing

50
Q

glossopharyngeal: features/ function/ location

A

IX: both

  • sensory (baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, taste, proprioception)
  • motor (stylopharyngeus)
  • parasympathetic (parotid gland)
51
Q

vagus: features/ function/ location

A

X: both

  • sensory (chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, taste, visceral organs or thorax/ abdomen)
  • motor (muscles of pharynx, larynx, soft palate)
  • parasympathetic (heart, lungs, glands, smooth muscle of visceral organs)
52
Q

accessory: features/ function/ location

A

XI: motor

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

53
Q

hypoglossal: features/ function/ location

A

XII: motor

tongue

1. HLTH 108 (29 decks)

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