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1. HLTH 108 > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

define joint: and function

A

articulation/ arthrosis
- point of contact between two bones, bone/cartilage, bone/tooth

hold bones together allowing movement/ flexibility

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2
Q

increase of mobility =

A

decrease in stability and vice verca

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3
Q

classification: no movement

A

synarthrosis

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4
Q

classification: slight movement

A

amphiarthrosis

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5
Q

classification: free movement

A

diarthrosis

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6
Q

movements: extension and eg.

A

SAGITTAL PLANE: increasing angle in joint, eg. knee -> straight limb

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7
Q

movements: flexion and eg.

A

SAGITTAL PLANE: decreasing angle of joint, eg shoulder joint -> flat to side

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8
Q

movements: hyperextension and eg.

A

SAGITTAL PLANE: extension of body part more than normal range, eg. tilting head towards posterior

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9
Q

body movements: head

A

extension, flexion, hyperextension

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10
Q

body movements: shoulder joint (sagittal p)

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension

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11
Q

body movements: elbow joint (sagittal p)

A

flexion, extension

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12
Q

body movements: wrist joint (sagittal p)

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension

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13
Q

body movements: hip joint (sagittal p)

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension

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14
Q

body movements: knee joint (sagittal p)

A

flexion, extension

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15
Q

body movements: intervertebral joints (sagittal p)

A

lateral flexion

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16
Q

movements: abduction

A

CORONAL PLANE:

movement away from midline, eg. arm straight with shoulder

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17
Q

movements: adduction

A

CORONAL PLANE: towards the midline/body, eg. wrist bending fingers towards body

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18
Q

body movements: shoulder joint (coronal p)

A

abduction, adduction

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19
Q

body movements: wrist joint (coronal p)

A

abduction, adduction

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20
Q

body movements: hip joint (coronal p)

A

adduction, abduction

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21
Q

body movements: metacarpophalangeal joints (excl. thumb)

A

abduction, adduction

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22
Q

body movement: atlanto-axial joint rotation

A

left right (no)

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23
Q

body movement: shoulder joint rotation

A

lateral (away from body), medial (towards body) with arm bent at the elbow

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24
Q

body movement: hip joint rotation

A

medial, lateral, bent at the knee

25
Q

movements: circumduction and eg.

A

combo of multiple movements, circular

eg. shoulder and hip joint

26
Q

movements: elevation and eg

A 
temporomandibular joint (chin)
moving chin towards close mouth
27
Q

movements: depression and eg

A

temporomandibular joint (chin) moving jaw downwards

28
Q

movements: protraction and eg

A

temporomandibular joint (chin) pushing jaw forwards

29
Q

movements: retraction and eg

A

temporomandibular joint (chin) pushing jaw backwards

30
Q

movements: inversion and eg

A

tilting foot medially, intertarsal joints

31
Q

movements: eversion and eg

A

tilting foot laterally while flat, intertarsal joints

32
Q

movements: dorsiflexion and eg

A

pointing toes upwards, ankle joint

33
Q

movements: plantar flexion and eg

A

pointing toes down, ankle joint

34
Q

movements: pronation and eg

A

palm is facing backwards, radioulnar joint

35
Q

movements: supination and eg

A

palm facing forwards, radioulnar joint

36
Q

movements: opposition and eg

A

fingers bent towards each other, forming ‘o’

carpometacarpal joint

37
Q

how to classify joints:

A

presence/ absence of space between bones, synovial cavity, type of c.t. binding the bones

38
Q

fibrous joints: features/ eg

A

no SC, dense irregular c.t.

  • sutures
  • syndesmoses
  • interosseous membranes
39
Q

cartilaginous: features/ eg

A

no SC, bones held together cartilage

  • synchondroses
  • sympheses
40
Q

synovial: features/ eg

A

yes SC, dense irregular ct. (articular capsule), accessory ligaments (helping)

  • ball and socket
  • hinge
  • pivot
  • condyloid
  • planar
  • saddle
41
Q

suture: features/ eg

A
  • FIBROUS JOINT
  • thin layer of dense irregular c.t.
  • short distance btw bones
  • irregular interlocking edges
  • coronal suture (ligament)

synostosis (fusion of 2 bones) may occur

42
Q

syndesmoses: features/ eg

A
  • FIBROUS JOINT
  • thicker layer of dense irregular ct.
  • greater distance btw bones
  • periodontal ligament (tooth and mandible)
43
Q

interosseous membrane: features/ eg

A
  • FIBROUS JOINT
    thick sheet of dense irregular ct. binding bones
  • tibia/ fibula
  • radius/ ulna
44
Q

synchondroses: features/ eg

A

CARTILAGENOUS

  • primary cartilaginous
  • bones connected> hyaline cartilage
  • epiphyseal plates
  • 1st rib and sternum
45
Q

symphyses: features/ eg

A

CARTILAGENOUS

  • secondary cartilaginous/ fibrocartilaginous
  • articular surface covered in hyaline cartilage
  • joined by fibrocartilage
  • intervertebral discs
  • pubic symphyses
46
Q

synovial joints: features/ eg

A

space between articular surface (c. hyaline cartilage) synovial cavity -> synovial fluid
- knuckle bone

47
Q

articular joint capsule: features

A

SYNOVIAL JOINT
- 2 layers:

fibrous mem (outer)

  • dense irreg. ct. attached to periosteum
  • strengthened by intrinsic ligaments

synovial mem (inner)

  • areolar connective tissue
  • elastic fibres secretes synovial fluid
48
Q

extrinsic ligaments: features

A

SYNOVIAL JOINT

  • FIBROUS CAPSULE
  • extracapsular/ intracapsular
49
Q

articular discs: features

A

SYNOVIAL JOINT

  • FIBROUS CAPSULE
  • menisci (crescent shaped)
  • fibrocartilage btw articular surfaces in some joints
  • lateral/ medial meniscus
50
Q

labrum: features/ eg

A

SYNOVIAL JOINT

  • ring of fibrocartilage deepens socket
  • acetabulum (concave surface) of ischium bone -> scapular
51
Q

bursa/tendon sheath: features/ eg

A

SYNOVIAL JOINT

  • reduce friction, protect soft tissue
  • bursa: sac like structure with fluid (eg. shoulder/knee joint)
  • tendon sheath: tube-like bursa (eg. wrist and fingers)
52
Q

planar (plane) joints: features/ type of movement/ eg

A
  • flat/ curved articular surface
  • gliding/ sliding on BIAXIAL plane
  • intertarsal, intercarpal
53
Q

hinge joints: features/ type of movement/ eg

A
  • convex/concave art surfaces
  • flexion/ extension UNIAXIAL
  • knee (modified), elbow, ankle
54
Q

condyloid joints: features/ type of movement/ eg

A
  • oval shaped- convex/concave art surface
  • flexion/extension, abduction/adduction BIAXIAL
  • carpal, metacarpophalangeal joints
55
Q

saddle joints: features/ type of movement/ eg

A
  • modified condyloid saddle art surface
  • flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction BIAXIAL
  • carpometarcarpal (btw trapesium/ metarcarpal of thumb)
56
Q

pivot joints: features/ type of movement/ eg

A
  • rounded/ pointed art surface and ring (bone/ligament)
  • rotation around central axis UNIAXIAL
  • medial atlantoaxial, proximal radioulnar joint
57
Q

ball and socket joints: features/ type of movement/ eg

A
  • spherical surface into cup-like depression (socket)
  • flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, rotation TRIAXIAL
  • shoulder/ hip joints
58
Q

knee joint: list all ligaments and location

A
  • fibular collateral L, lateral of patella (updown side)
  • tibial collateral L, medial of patella (updown side)
  • oblique popliteal L (diagonal middle)
  • posterior cruciate L (PCL) (middle cross from back-> front)
  • anterior cruciate L (ACL) (middle cross from front-> back)
  • patella ligament (anterior updown) btw femur/ tibia)
59
Q

knee joint: menisci and location

A
  • medial, towards tibia

- lateral, towards fibula

1. HLTH 108 (29 decks)

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