Digestive system II Flashcards
general features: stomach
- lesser and greature curvatures
- cardia, fundus, body, pylorus (pyloric antrum, pyloric canal)
stomach: layers
- rugae: longitudinal folds
- simple columnar epithelium: secretes alkaline mucus, gastric pits, glands
- muscularis: extra oblique layer
list stomach gland cells:
- mucous neck cels
- chief cells
- parietal cells
- enteroendocrine
stomach gland cells: function
- mucous neck: secrete mucous
- chief: pepsinogen (pre: pepsin, gastric)
- parietal: HCl, intrinsic factor
- enteroendocrine: hormones (seretonin, gastrin, somatostatin)
stomach secretions:
mucous, HCl, intrinsic factor, gastric lipase, pepsinogen, gastrin
stomach mechanical digestion: features
peristaltic movement: mixing waves, chemical digestion, some absorption (H2O, fatty acids, some drugs)
peptic disease: eg
- injury to wall of stomach
- helio bacterium invades wall and eats through
- can cause death
blood supply: stomach
from celiac trunk,
- R/L gastric
- R/L gastroepiploic
- short, posterior gastric artery
veins: accompanying into IVC
innervation: stomach
- vagus: parasympathetic fibres
- sympathetic nerve from celiac ganglia
pancreas: features, ducts, retro/intraperitoneal?
retroperitoneal
- pancreatic juices (water, salts, sodium bicarb, enzymes, loose ct, capsule, septa
ducts:
- main pancreatic duct, joins common bile duct (liver) 0> hepatopanceatic ampulla
- accessory pancreatic ducts
pancreas: secretions, glands
- pancreatic acinar cells
- proteases, lipases, amylase, phospholipase A2, nucleases
- alkaline secretion, neutralises stomach contents
- hormones from enteroendrocrine cells of mucosa in acidic response to acidic chyme -> duodenum
blood supply: pancreas
- splenic artery
- pancreaticduodenal artery,
- superior mesenteric artery,
liver: function
- metabolism
- detoxification
- bile (yellow-brown, green for water, salts, cholesterol, lecithin, pigment, ions emulsify fat
- storage
- phagocytosis
- activate Vitamin D
liver: location in regions
L -> R hypochondriac
- epigastric
- covered in dense irregular dense irregular
features: liver
- diaphragmatic, visceral surface
- lobes: R, L, caudate (inferior)
- falciform, R. L umbilical ligament R, L coronary
hilum: porta hepatis
- on visceral surface, vessels, hepatic nerve plexus, lymphatics, hepatic ducts
blood supply: liver
dual blood supply:
- hepatic portal vein (deoxygenated, nutrients and other materials from GIT)
- hepatic artery (oxygenated)
venous/ innervation: liver
- venous drainage (R,L and middle hepatic veins-> IVC)
- innervated: vagus (parasympathetic, sympathetic from greater splanchnic nerves) through celiac ganglia
features: liver (hepatic) lobule- hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoids
- portal spaces at periphery, vein in centre
- hepatocytes: lrg cuboidal -> laminae (liver plates)
- hepatic sinusoids: lined with discontinuous epithelium, Kupffer cells (detect, engulf bacteria, aged erthryocytes)
features: liver (hepatic) lobule- portal space, blood flow
- portal space-> portal triads: branch of hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct (also lymph vessels)
- blood flows: portal triad through sinusoidal channels -> central vein -> sub-lobar veins -> inf. vena cava