Respiratory system Flashcards
structually classify the respiratory system:
upper respiratory:
- nose
- pharynx
lower respiratory:
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
functionally classify the respiratory system:
conductive portion:
- system of tubes carrying air to/from the lungs, conditioning it
- nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
respiratory portion:
- gas exchange
- respiratory bronchioles
- alveoli
list all respiratory epithelium: (6) and features
- ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (rich goblet c.)
- ciliated columnar
- mucous goblet (glycoprotein)
- basal (small, round stem)
- brush (microvilli)
- small granule (numerous granules, neuroendocrine system)
most common respiratory epithelium found where:
most of conductive portion of respiratory system:
- ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, with goblet cells
external nose: nasal bones
bridge: cartilage
- septal nasal cartilage
- lateral
- greater
- lesser alar
nostrils:
external nares
nasal vestibule features:
- divided by septum
- superior portion: mucous mem.-> respiratory epithelium
- hairs (vibrissae)
- sebaceous, sweat glands
- filters large particles
- continuous with skin of face
list external portions of nose
nasal bones, opening, nasal vestibule
list internal portions of nose:
nasal cavity, conchae, opening of paranasal sinuses, nasolacrimal duct, vascular system, internal nares (choane)
nasal cavity: features
divided by septum, covered in mucous membrane
conchae features/ function:
superior: olfactory region
middle, inferior: increase SA of nasal cavity, create turbulence-> warming, cooling and filtration of air
olfactory epithelium: features/ function
chemoreceptors: smell
cells:
- supporting: sustentacular cells for mechanical, metabolic support
- basal
- olfactory: olfactory receptors -> respond to odoriferous substances dissolved in serous covering of epithelium
Olfactory (Bowman’s) glands
pharynx: general features/ location
13cm long tube connecting nasal/oral cavities/larynx (oesophagus)
- wall of skeletal muscle, lined by mucous membrane,
- passageway for food, air
name regions of pharynx:
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
features: nasopharynx
btw post. nasal cavity and soft palate
- openings for auditory (eustachian) tubes, pharyngeal tonsil
- lined with respiratory epithelium
features: oropharynx
double passage
- palatine, lingual tonsils
- lined: stratified squamous epithelium
features: laryngopharynx
double passage
- begins at level of hyoid bone
- anterorinferiorly to larynx
- posteroinferiorly to oesophagus
- lined: stratified squamous epithelium
what are tonsils general:
accumulation of lymphoid tissue
list/ locate tonsils:
- lingual: post. to tongue
- palatine: inf. to soft palate
- pharyngeal: near eustachian tube, back roof
larynx features:
- connects laryngopharynx with trachea
- midline of neck
- anterior to oesophagus (C4-C6)
- superior part of larynx/ vocal folds- stratified squamous epithelium
- inferior part- respiratory epithelium
9x cartilage= wall
list larynx wall: features and pairs
- mainly hyaline cartilage, ligaments, intrinsic/extrinsic muscles
- thyroid c.
- epiglottis
- cricoid c.
- arytenoid (2)
- corniculate (2)
- cuneiform (2)
cartilage location/features: thyroid
anterior wall, connected to hyoid -> thyrohyoid membrane