Connective tissue

Question 1

overall connective tissue function:

Answer 1

structural/ metabolic support for other tissues (eg. epithelium)

Question 2

connective tissue feature and consists of:

Answer 2

well vascularised (mostly)

cells, extracellular matrix (fibres + ground substance)

Question 3

connective tissue all develop from:

Answer 3

embryonic mesenchymal cells

Question 4

blast:

Answer 4

immature cell

Question 5

cyte:

Answer 5

mature cell

Question 6

cells either fixed and wondering:

Answer 6

resident and transient

Question 7

list the 4 types of cells:

Answer 7

fibroblasts, adipocytes, chondroblasts and osteoblasts

Question 8

list the 5 defence-function cells:

Answer 8

mast cell, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils

Question 9

fibroblast/cyte difference-

info/ function/ cell consists of:

Answer 9

blast:
most common cell, large, abundant cytoplasm processes, oval nucleus, lots of rER/ GA

quiescent (inactive) cyte: smaller, spindle shaped with elongated nucleus

synthesis of collagen, elastic, reticular fibres and extracellular material

WOUND REPAIR!

Question 10

cell function/ features/ location: adipocytes

Answer 10

• fat storage, energy, insulation, also involvement in hormones/ growth factors
• eg. in loose connective tissue
• cytoplasm and flat nucleus forms rim around large lipid droplet

Question 11

macrophage features/ function/ develop from:

Answer 11

• irregular shaped with small branched projections,
• destroys bacteria/ cellular debris (phagocytosis)
• developed from monocytes (WBC)
• fixed and wondering

Question 12

mast cells: develop/ features, function

Answer 12

• develop in bone marrow, differentiate in connective tissue
• inflammatory and allergic response (granules contain histamine-allergy/ heparin-blood thinner)
• also kill bacteria

Question 13

types of fibres in extracellular matrix:

Answer 13

collagen, reticular, elastic

Question 14

types of ground substance and features:

Answer 14

fluid, semisolid, solid

water + complex carbs + glycoproteins

Question 15

extracellular matrix function:

Answer 15

mechanical/ structural support for tissue, biochemical barrier -> regulate metabolic functions in surrounding cells

Question 16

collagen fibres features/ composition:

Answer 16

• most abundant, closely packed and organised,
• flexible, high tensile strength
• collagen protein

Question 17

Type I collagen function/ location:

Answer 17

resistance to force, tension and stretch

eg. skin, bones, tendons and organs’ capsules

Question 18

Type II collagen function/ location:

Answer 18

resistant to pressure

eg. hyaline and elastic cartilage

Question 19

Type III collagen function/ location:

Answer 19

reticular fibres/ support

eg. organs, smooth muscle

Question 20

Type IV collagen function/ location:

Answer 20

support/ filtration

eg. associated with basal lamina of epithelial cells

Question 21

elastic fibre: compostion/ function/ location

Answer 21

thin, protein elastin,
help tissue stretch/ distend
eg. skin, lung, bladder

Question 22

reticular fibre: features/ function/ location

Answer 22

very thin, type III collagen, and high glycoprotein levels

- provides support framework for cellular components (stroma) of various tissues/ organs eg. reticular tissue

Question 23

types of embryonic connective tissue:

Answer 23

mesenchyme, mucous connective tissue

Question 24

types of mature connective tissue:

Answer 24

proper, specialised

Question 25

types of connective tissue proper:

Answer 25

loose and dense connective tissue:

Question 26

types of specialised connective tissue:

Answer 26

cartilage, bone, blood and lymphoid

Question 27

types of loose connective tissue and main feature:

Answer 27

areolar, reticular, adipose fibres loosely intertwined between cells

Question 28

types of dense connective tissue and main feature:

Answer 28

more thicker, closely packed fibres/ less cells regular, irregular, elastic

Question 29

types of cartilage:

Answer 29

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

Question 30

cartilage features/ function and composition

Answer 30

avascular, firm consistency (mechanical stress, shock absorbing, bone growth and development) in lacunae (small cavities in cartilage matrix) contain chondrocytes- synthesise extracellular matrix, also have extensive e. m

Question 31

areola connective tissue: features/ function/ located

Answer 31

most common type of tissue, contains all 3 fibres - well vascularised, delicate (not resistant to stress) - eg. subcutaneous: surrounds lymph/blood vessels, nerves, body organs, lamina propria, dermis of skin (superficial layer)

Question 32

reticular connective tissue: features/ function

Answer 32

intertwined reticular fibres - forms stroma (framework) - binds smooth muscle cell - reticular fibres filter blood/ lymph

Question 33

adipose connective tissue: features/ function/ located

Answer 33

- adipocytes - subcutaneous (under skin) - eg. heart, kidney, yellow marrow (long bones) - insulation, energy, protection, support

Question 34

regular connective tissue: composition/ features/ function/ location

Answer 34

lots: collagen fibres few: cells little: ground substance - strong attachment between structures densely packed aligned collagen fibres in bundles, between fibrocyte rows eg. tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses (flat sheet of con. tissue-> muscle)

Question 35

irregular connective tissue: composition/ features/ function/ located

Answer 35

like regular c.t (most collagen fibres, few cells, lil ground sub.) random packed fibres in 3D - strength, resist stretch/tear in all directions eg. fasciae, deep dermis layer, digestive tract (submucosa)

Question 36

sprained ligament: grades, feature

Answer 36

Grade I: stretching, small tears Grade II: larger, incomplete tear Grade III: complete tear

Question 37

elastic connective tissue: features/ function/ located

Answer 37

elastic fibres, fibroblast between spaces, yellowish - stretching - eg. lungs, elastic arteries, some ligaments

Question 38

hyaline cartilage: features/ function/ located

Answer 38

- glossy, bluish-white - chondrocytes + collagen (Type II mainly) in hydrating (60-80% water) gel of glycoproteins/ proteoglycans - cushioning, low friction surface (joints), flexible, support respiratory system eg. end of long bones, anterior end of nose, ribs, larynx, trachea, foetal skeleton (growth/repair in adults is limited) can calcify in endochondral bone formation

Question 39

fibrocartilage: features/ function/ located

Answer 39

dense reg ct. + cartilage - chondrocytes/ fibroblasts found in bundles of collagen fibres (Type I + II) and proteoglycans (protein + sugar) - collagen fibres PARALLEL to line of stress - limited repair in adults eg. pubic symphysis, menisci of knee - support/ fusion, resist deformation under stress

Question 40

elastic cartilage: features/ function/ located

Answer 40

hyaline cartilage + network of elastic fibres - flexibility/ support eg. external ear/ auditory canal, epiglottis