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1. HLTH 108 > Connective tissue > Flashcards

Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

overall connective tissue function:

A

structural/ metabolic support for other tissues (eg. epithelium)

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2
Q

connective tissue feature and consists of:

A

well vascularised (mostly)

cells, extracellular matrix (fibres + ground substance)

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3
Q

connective tissue all develop from:

A

embryonic mesenchymal cells

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4
Q

blast:

A

immature cell

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5
Q

cyte:

A

mature cell

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6
Q

cells either fixed and wondering:

A

resident and transient

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7
Q

list the 4 types of cells:

A

fibroblasts, adipocytes, chondroblasts and osteoblasts

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8
Q

list the 5 defence-function cells:

A

mast cell, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils

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9
Q

fibroblast/cyte difference-

info/ function/ cell consists of:

A

blast:
most common cell, large, abundant cytoplasm processes, oval nucleus, lots of rER/ GA

quiescent (inactive) cyte: smaller, spindle shaped with elongated nucleus

synthesis of collagen, elastic, reticular fibres and extracellular material

WOUND REPAIR!

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10
Q

cell function/ features/ location: adipocytes

A
  • fat storage, energy, insulation, also involvement in hormones/ growth factors
  • eg. in loose connective tissue
  • cytoplasm and flat nucleus forms rim around large lipid droplet
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11
Q

macrophage features/ function/ develop from:

A
  • irregular shaped with small branched projections,
  • destroys bacteria/ cellular debris (phagocytosis)
  • developed from monocytes (WBC)
  • fixed and wondering
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12
Q

mast cells: develop/ features, function

A
  • develop in bone marrow, differentiate in connective tissue
  • inflammatory and allergic response (granules contain histamine-allergy/ heparin-blood thinner)
  • also kill bacteria
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13
Q

types of fibres in extracellular matrix:

A

collagen, reticular, elastic

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14
Q

types of ground substance and features:

A

fluid, semisolid, solid

water + complex carbs + glycoproteins

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15
Q

extracellular matrix function:

A

mechanical/ structural support for tissue, biochemical barrier -> regulate metabolic functions in surrounding cells

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16
Q

collagen fibres features/ composition:

A
  • most abundant, closely packed and organised,
  • flexible, high tensile strength
  • collagen protein
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17
Q

Type I collagen function/ location:

A

resistance to force, tension and stretch

eg. skin, bones, tendons and organs’ capsules

18
Q

Type II collagen function/ location:

A

resistant to pressure

eg. hyaline and elastic cartilage

19
Q

Type III collagen function/ location:

A

reticular fibres/ support

eg. organs, smooth muscle

20
Q

Type IV collagen function/ location:

A

support/ filtration

eg. associated with basal lamina of epithelial cells

21
Q

elastic fibre: compostion/ function/ location

A

thin, protein elastin,
help tissue stretch/ distend
eg. skin, lung, bladder

22
Q

reticular fibre: features/ function/ location

A

very thin, type III collagen, and high glycoprotein levels

- provides support framework for cellular components (stroma) of various tissues/ organs eg. reticular tissue

23
Q

types of embryonic connective tissue:

A

mesenchyme, mucous connective tissue

24
Q

types of mature connective tissue:

A

proper, specialised

25
Q

types of connective tissue proper:

A

loose and dense connective tissue:

26
Q

types of specialised connective tissue:

A

cartilage, bone, blood and lymphoid

27
Q

types of loose connective tissue and main feature:

A

areolar, reticular, adipose

fibres loosely intertwined between cells

28
Q

types of dense connective tissue and main feature:

A

more thicker, closely packed fibres/ less cells

regular, irregular, elastic

29
Q

types of cartilage:

A

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

30
Q

cartilage features/ function and composition

A

avascular, firm consistency (mechanical stress, shock absorbing, bone growth and development)

in lacunae (small cavities in cartilage matrix) contain chondrocytes- synthesise extracellular matrix, also have extensive e. m

31
Q

areola connective tissue: features/ function/ located

A

most common type of tissue, contains all 3 fibres
- well vascularised, delicate (not resistant to stress)

  • eg. subcutaneous: surrounds lymph/blood vessels, nerves, body organs, lamina propria, dermis of skin (superficial layer)
32
Q

reticular connective tissue: features/ function

A

intertwined reticular fibres

  • forms stroma (framework)
  • binds smooth muscle cell
  • reticular fibres filter blood/ lymph
33
Q

adipose connective tissue: features/ function/ located

A
  • adipocytes
  • subcutaneous (under skin)
  • eg. heart, kidney, yellow marrow (long bones)
  • insulation, energy, protection, support
34
Q

regular connective tissue: composition/ features/ function/ location

A

lots: collagen fibres
few: cells
little: ground substance
- strong attachment between structures

densely packed aligned collagen fibres in bundles, between fibrocyte rows

eg. tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses (flat sheet of con. tissue-> muscle)

35
Q

irregular connective tissue: composition/ features/ function/ located

A

like regular c.t (most collagen fibres, few cells, lil ground sub.)

random packed fibres in 3D
- strength, resist stretch/tear in all directions

eg. fasciae, deep dermis layer, digestive tract (submucosa)

36
Q

sprained ligament: grades, feature

A

Grade I: stretching, small tears
Grade II: larger, incomplete tear
Grade III: complete tear

37
Q

elastic connective tissue: features/ function/ located

A

elastic fibres, fibroblast between spaces, yellowish

  • stretching
  • eg. lungs, elastic arteries, some ligaments
38
Q

hyaline cartilage: features/ function/ located

A
  • glossy, bluish-white
  • chondrocytes + collagen (Type II mainly) in hydrating (60-80% water) gel of glycoproteins/ proteoglycans
  • cushioning, low friction surface (joints), flexible, support respiratory system
    eg. end of long bones, anterior end of nose, ribs, larynx, trachea, foetal skeleton (growth/repair in adults is limited)

can calcify in endochondral bone formation

39
Q

fibrocartilage: features/ function/ located

A

dense reg ct. + cartilage

  • chondrocytes/ fibroblasts found in bundles of collagen fibres (Type I + II) and proteoglycans (protein + sugar)
  • collagen fibres PARALLEL to line of stress
  • limited repair in adults

eg. pubic symphysis, menisci of knee
- support/ fusion, resist deformation under stress

40
Q

elastic cartilage: features/ function/ located

A

hyaline cartilage + network of elastic fibres
- flexibility/ support

eg. external ear/ auditory canal, epiglottis

1. HLTH 108 (29 decks)

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