Urinary System Flashcards
Which of the following terms describes the typical sonographic appearance of the medullary pyramids in the neonate?
- Anechoic
- Hypoechoic
- Hyperechoic
- Isoechoic
- Anechoic
Which of the following conditions is associated with a decreased in blood urea nitrogen? BUN
- Dehydration
- Hydronephrosis
- Liver failure
- Renal Failure
- Liver failure
The renal arteries arise from which aspect of the abdominal aorta?
- Medial
- Lateral
- Anterior
- Inferior
- Lateral
Which of the following structures is considered the basic functional unit of the kidney
- Nephrons
- Glomerulus
- Loop of henle
- Collecting tubule
- Nephron
The quadratus lumborum is a muscle located in the
- Medial abdomen wall
- Lateral abdominal wall
- Anterior abdominal wall
- Posterior abdominal wall
- Posterior abdominal wall
Fusion of the entire medial aspect of both kidneys is a congenital anomaly termed
- Crossed fused ectopia
- Cake kidney
- Sigmoid kidney
- Junctional parenchymal defect
- Cake kidney
Which of the following conditions is most likely to mimic a duplicated urinary system?
- Junctional parenchymal defect
- Fetal lobulation
- Dromedary hump
- Hypertrophied columns of bertin
- Hypertrophied columns of bertin
Dialysis patients are at increased risk for developing:
- Nephrocalcinosis
- Renal carcinoma
- Nephrolithiasis
- Renal vein thrombosis
- Renal carcinoma
The most common renal neoplasm identified in patients over the age of 55 years is
- Simple cyst
- Renal calculus
- Angiomyolipoma
- Renal cell carcinoma
- Simple cyst
This sagittal image of the urinary bladder demonstrates a
- Ureterocele
- Bladder diverticulum
- Catheter balloon
- Small amount of residual urine
c. Catheter balloon
A staghorn calculus begins forming in the:
- Calyces
- Renal cortex
- Renal pelvis
- Medullary pyramid
- Renal pelvis
An Infant presents to the ultrasound department with a history of a single urinary tract infection. The sonogram of the kidney most likely demonstrates:
- Hydronephrosis
- Infantile polycystic disease
- Normal medullary pyramids
- Multicystic dysplastic kidney
- Normal medullary pyramids
Which of the following conditions is most likely demonstrated in this sonogram of the kidney?
- Pelviectasis
- Pyelonephritis
- Nephrolithiasis
- Hydronephrosis
- Hydronephrosis
The most common etiology for this pathology is
- Bladder infection
- Kidney infection
- Urinary stasis
- Urinary tract obstruction
d. Urinary tract obstruction
The pathology identified in this sonogram is most suspicious for a
- Ureterocele
- Malignant tumor
- Dilated urethra
- Bladder diverticulum
- Bladder diverticulum
Which of the following renal structures is composed of blood vessels or nerve fibers?
- Glomerulus
- Loop of Henle
- Renal Pyramid
- Renal tubule
- Glomerulus
A patient complaining of sharp, severe flank pain radiating to the groin is describing
- Renal colic
- Dysuira
- Mittelschmerz
- Dyspareunia
- Renal colic
Which of the following structures are contained in the renal sinus
- Renal artery, renal vein, ureter
- Lymphatics, perinephric fat, minor calyces
- Major Calyces, renal pelvis, ureter
- Lymphatics, peripelvic fat, major calyces
d. Lymphatics, Peripelvic fat, major calyces
Which of the following muscles is located lateral to each kidney?
- Psoas
- Quadratus Lumborum
- Internal oblique
- Transversus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
A triangular shaped hyperechoic focus located in the anterior renal cortex in an asymptomatic patient most likely represents
- Adenoma
- Ischemic necrosis
- Renal calculus
- A junctional parenchymal defect
- Junctional parenchymal defect
Normal post void residual urine volume in an adult patient should not exceed
- 5ml
- 20 ml
- 50 ml
- 100 ml
- 20 ml
A 43 YO female patient presents to the ultrasound department complain of right flank pain and dysuria. A generalized swelling of the kidney is demonstrated. The medullary pyramids appear well defined. This is suspicious for:
- Pyelnephritis
- Metastatic disease
- Hydronephrosis
- Acute tubular necrosis
- Pyelnephritis
Which of the following patient positions is typically used for renal biopsy procedures?
- Supine
- Prone
- Trendelenburg
- Reverse trendelenburg
b. Prone
Small echogenic protuberances identified on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder most likely represents
- Arcuate vessels
- Ureteric orifices
- Hydroureters
- Bladder diverticulums
- Ureteric orifices
Patients with adult polycystic renal disease have an increased incidence of developing
- Nephrocalcinosis
- Renal calculi
- Renal carcinoma
- Adrenal adenoma
Renal calculi
Which of the following anatomic variants is most likely identified in this sonogram
- Renal duplication
- Crossed fused ectopia
- Junctional parenchymal defect
- Hypertrophied column of bertin
- Hypertrophied column of bertin
The arrow in this sonogram most likely identifies:
- Perinephric fat
- A renal abscess
- Pyelnephritis
- Thrombosis in the IVC
1, Perinephric fat
A mass is identified in the mid portion of the right kidney that demonstrates internal blood flow. The mass identified in the sonogram is most suspicious for
- Hematoma
- Dromedary hump
- Renal cell carcinoma
- Hemorrhagic cyst
- RCC
This image of the female pelvis is demonstrating a
- Bladder diverticulum
- Ureterocele
- Cather balloon
- Dilated distal ureter
Ureterocele
The anechoic area demonstrated in the sonogram is most consistent with
- Extrarenal pelvis
- Pelviectasis
- Parapelvic cyst
- Hydroureter
- Parapelvic cyst
Mesoblastic neprhomas are most likely to occur in patients under
- 1 Year of age
- 5 years of age
- 10 years of age
- 18 years of age
- 1 year of age
a benign tumor composed of fat, blood vessels, and muscle describes
- Adenoma
- Lipoma
- Fibroma
- Angiomyolipma
- AML
Fibromuscular hyperplasia is most commonly associated with stenosis in which of the following renal arteries
- Main renal artery
- Arcuate artery
- Interlobar artery
- Segmental artery
- Main renal artery
Renal artery stenosis is suggested after the peak systolic velocity exceeds:
- 90 cm/s
- 135 cm/s
- 180 cm/s
- 230 cm/s
c. 180 cm/s
Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with painless hematuria?
- Hydronephrosis
- Pyelonephritis
- AML
- RCC
- RCC
Which of the following conditions is frequently associated with urinary stasis
- Parapelvic cyst
- Nephrolithiasis
- Renal carcinoma
- Chronic renal failure
- Nephrolithiasis
Fusion of the superior pole of one kidney to the inferior pole of the contralateral kidney is most consistent with which of the following congenital anomalies
- Cake kidney
- Crossed fused ectopia
- Sigmoid kidney
- Duplicated kidney
- Sigmoid kidney
The normal adult renal cortex should measure a minimum of
- 0.5 cm
- 1.0 cm
- 1.5 cm
- 2.0 cm
- 1.0 cm
The complete inability of the kidneys to excrete waste, concentrate urine, and converse electrolytes is termed renal:
- Colic
- Failure
- Obstruction
- Insufficiency
- Failure
This sonogram is most likely identifying which of the following conditions
- AML
- Nephrocalcinosis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Metastatic lesions
- Nephrocalcinosis
Which of the following congenital anomalies is most likely demonstrated in this sonogram?
- Lump kidney
- Cake kidney
- Renal duplication
- Sigmoid kidney
- Sigmoid kidney
A patient presents with a history of intermittent umbilical discharge. Based on the clinical history, the sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the following conditions?
- Rectus abdominis hematoma
- Umbilical abscess
- Meckel’s diverticulum
- Patent urachal sinus
- Patent urachal sinus
What is a Meckal diverticulum?
Anomalous sac protruding from the ileum
A patient hospitalized with malaria presents with a history of proteinuria. Based on this clinical history, the sonogram is most suspicious for which of the following conditions?
- Pyelnephritis
- Acute tunular necrosis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Renal sinus lipomatosis
Glomerulonephritis
A 40 YO patient presents with a history of elevated creatinine levels. Based on the clinical and sonographic findings, the masses are most suspicious for
- Nephroblastoma
- Renal sinus lipomatosis
- Polycystic kidney disease
- A medullary sponge kidney
- Polycystic kidney disease
An incidental mass was discovered in the urinary bladder. Blood flow was demonstrated within the mass using color doppler imaging. This incidental finding is most suspicious for a bladder
- Diverticulum
- Adenoma
- Carcinoma
- Sludge ball
Carcinoma
When encountering this type of pathology, which of the following questions is most important for the sonographer to ask the patient?
- Do you have high blood pressure
- How often do you urinate in a day
- Have you noticed any blood in your urine
- How much water do you drink in a day.
- Have you noticed any blood in your urine
This image of the urinary bladder is most likely demonstrating which of the following?
- Uretocele
- Ureteral jet
- Flash artifact
- External iliac artery
- Ureteral jet
This sonogram is most likely demonstrating
- Pyelonephritis
- Fetal lobulation
- Renal Carcinoma
- Hypertrophied column of bertin
- Fetal Lobulation
Duplex imaging of the lower pole of the left kidney most likely demonstrates which of the following?
- Renal veins
- Renal arteries
- Bertin vessels
- Arcuate vessels
- Arcuate vessels
Which of the following pathologies is most likely demonstrated in this sonogram?
- Nephrocalcinosis
- Hydronephrosis
- Staghorn calculus
- Medullary sponge kidney
- Staghorn calculus