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SONOCAN ABD Review > Gastrosintestinal Tract > Flashcards

Gastrosintestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

The esophagus begins at the pharynx and terminates at the:
a. cardiac orifice of the stomach
b. pyloric orifice of the stomach
c. gastric orifice of the stomach
d. esophageal hiatus of the stomach

A

A

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2
Q

Male infants have a predisposing factor for developing which of the following gastrointestinal conditions?
a. ileus
b. gastritis
c. intussusception
d. hypertrophied pyloric stenosis

A

D

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3
Q

Which of the following is a clinical symptom of acute appendicitis?
a. heartburn
b. leukopenia
c. periumbilical pain
d. positive Murphy sign

A

C

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4
Q

Which portion of the gastrointestinal tract is most likely to demonstrate rugae?
a. esophagus
b. stomach
c. duodenum
d. transverse colon

A

B

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5
Q

Bilious vomiting is a symptom of:
a. appendicitis
b. Crohn’s disease
c. intussusception
d. hypertrophied pyloric stenosis

A

C

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6
Q

Which of the following is considered a function of the duodenum?
a. secrete pepsin
b. produce lipase
c. secrete large quantities of mucus
d. produce vitamin K and B complex

A

C

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7
Q

Crohn disease most commonly occurs in which of the following regions?
a. duodenum
b. ileum
c. cecum
B d. sigmoid

A

B

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8
Q

Prolapse of one section of bowel into the lumen of another bowel segment describes which of the following conditions?
a. ileus
b. diverticulitis
c. intussusception
d. volvulus

A

C

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9
Q

The gastroesophageal junction is located:
a. anterior to the aorta
b. superior to the diaphragm
c. inferior to the celiac axis
d. anterior to the left lobe of the liver

A

A

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10
Q

Twisting of a portion of the bowel describes:
a. volvulus
b. malrotation
c. pylorospasm
d. intussusception

A

A

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11
Q

The right margin of the esophagus is contiguous with the:
a. pyloric canal
b. tail of the pancreas
c. lesser curvature of the stomach
d. greater curvature of the stomach

A

C

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12
Q

Which of the following structures demonstrate haustral wall markings?
a. ileum
b. appendix
c. stomach
d. colon

A

D

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13
Q

The small intestine is a region of the gastrointestinal tract extending from the:
a. duodenum to the ileum
b. pyloric opening to the appendix
c. duodenum to the cecum
d. pyloric opening to the ileocecal valve

A

D

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14
Q

Which of the following is the most accurate measurement when evaluating for hypertrophied pyloric stenosis?
a. length of the pyloric canal
b. transverse diameter of pyloric canal
c. wall thickness of pyloric muscle
d. anterior posterior diameter of the pyloric canal

A

C

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15
Q

The anterior-posterior diameter of the normal adult appendix should not exceed:
a. 2 mm
b. 4 mm
c. 6 mm
d. 10 mm

A

C

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16
Q

Extreme pain over McBurney point is most commonly associated with:
a. cholecystitis
b. intussusception
c. appendicitis
d. diverticulitis

A

C

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17
Q

Malignant neoplasms involving the large intestines are most frequently located in which of the following regions?
a. ileum
b. rectum
c. sigmoid
d. descending colon

A

B

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18
Q

The common bile duct enters which of the following sections of the duodenum?
a. superior
b. descending
c. ascending
d. transverse

A

B

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19
Q

An episode of excessive alcohol consumption is most commonly associated with which of the following conditions?
a. ileus
b. colitis
c. gastritis
d. appendicitis

A

C

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20
Q

Which of the following organs is considered the principal organ of digestion?
a. mouth
b. esophagus
c. stomach
d. small intestines

A

C

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21
Q

Which of the following gastrointestinal regions is composed of five individual wall layers?
a. esophagus
b. stomach
c. duodenum
d. rectum

A

B

22
Q

McBurney point is best described as a point between the:
a. umbilicus and inguinal canal
b. symphysis pubis and right iliac crest
c. umbilicus and right iliac crest
d. right costal margin and right iliac crest

A

C

23
Q

The duodenum is divided into ascending, descending,
a. inferior, and horizontal portions
b. superior, and transverse portions
c. transverse, and vertical portions
d. superior, and inferior portions

A

B

24
Q

Which portion of the duodenum is located posterior to the transverse colon?
a. superior
b. descending
c. inferior
d. transverse

A

B

25
Q

The finding (arrow) in the sonogram is most suspicious for a(n):
a. polyp
b. abscess
c. diverticulum
d. carcinoma

A

C

26
Q

The finding in this sonogram is most suspicious for:
a. gastritis
b. pancreatitis
c. pyloric stenosis
d. intussusception

A

C

27
Q

A sagittal oblique image lateral to the right ovary is most likely demonstrating which of the following?
a. volvulus
b. appendicitis
c. paraovarian cyst
d. Meckel diverticulum

A

B

28
Q

Which of the following abnormalities is demonstrated in this sonogram of the right lower quadrant?
a. an ileus
b. Crohn’s disease
c. an appendicitis
d. intussusception

A

D

29
Q

Which of the following normal gastrointestinal structures is demonstrated in this midline sonogram of the upper abdomen?
a. duodenum
b. pyloric canal
c. pyloric antrum
d. gastroesophageal junction

A

D

30
Q

A 30-year-old woman presents with a history of chronic abdominal cramping. On the basis of this clinical history, the finding in this sonogram is most consistent with:
a. intussusception
b. diverticulitis
c. Crohn disease
d. acute appendicitis

A

C

31
Q

Which of the following are identified by the arrows?
a. polyps
b. wall thickening
c. diverticulums
d. haustral wall markings

A

D

32
Q

The intestinal wall layer identified by the arrow is most likely the:
a. submucosal layer
b. muscular layer
c. mucosal layer
d. serosal layer

A

C

33
Q

A Meckel diverticulum is generally located:
a. adjacent to the appendix
b. slightly to the right of the umbilicus
c. adjacent to the cecum
d. in the left lower quadrant

A

B

34
Q

To be considered within normal limits, the wall thickness of the pyloric canal should not exceed:
a. 2 mm to 3 mm
b. 3 mm to 4 mm
c. 4 mm to 5 mm
d. 5 mm to 6 mm

A

B

35
Q

Hypertrophied pyloric stenosis most commonly develops in infants between:
a. 1 to 2 months of age
b. 1 to 6 weeks of age
c. 2 to 3 months of age
d. 2 to 10 weeks of age

A

D

36
Q

Ulcers are more commonly located in which of the following regions of the stomach?
a. body
b. pylorus
c. lesser curvature
d. greater curvature

A

C

37
Q

A patient presents with a history of abdominal distention and pain. A sonogram of the periumbilical area demonstrates distended fluid-filled loops of small bowel with minimal peristalsis. On the basis of the clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for which of the following conditions?
a. ileus
b. intussusception
c. diverticulitis
d. Crohn’s disease

A

A

38
Q

Graded compression technique is most commonly used when evaluating for:
a. ileus
b. an appendicitis
c. diverticulitis
d. intussusception

A

B

39
Q

The duodenum protects the small intestines from chyme by secreting:
a. pepsin
b. mucous
c. sodium bicarbonate
d. cholecystokinin

A

B

40
Q

The ileum is a section of the gastrointestinal tract extending from the:
a. duodenum to the cecum
b. jejunum to the appendix
c. cecum to the ascending colon
d. jejunum to the ileocecal junction

A

D

41
Q

The majority of food absorption occurs in which portion of the gastrointestinal tract?
a. stomach
b. cecum
c. small intestines
d. ascending colon

A

C

42
Q

Which of the following is a protein-enzyme produced by the stomach?
a. gastrin
b. pepsin
c. secretin
d. cholecystokinin

A

B

43
Q

Forward movement of intestinal contents caused by rhythmic contractions of the intestines is termed:
a. rugae
b. pylorospasm
c. cramping
d. peristalsis

A

C

44
Q

A febrile female patient complaining of periumbilical pain and vomiting presents to the emergency department. Her last menstrual period was 2 weeks earlier. Based on this clinical presentation, the referring physician should order a(n):
a. pelvic ultrasound to rule out ovarian cyst
b. pelvic ultrasound to rule out ectopic pregnancy
c. abdominal ultrasound to rule out appendicitis
d. abdominal ultrasound to rule out gallstones

A

C

45
Q

Which portion of the colon follows the sacral canal?
a. rectum
b. sigmoid
c. anal canal
d. descending

A

C

46
Q

Which of the following patient positions is the best for viewing fluid in the pylorus?
a. supine
b. semi-Fowler
c. right lateral decubitus
d. right posterior oblique

A

D

47
Q

The superior portion of the duodenum is located anterior to the:
a. liver
b. gallbladder
c. common bile duct
d. transverse colon

A

C

48
Q

Which of the following abnormalities is not associated with a mucocele?
a. polyp
b. fecalith
c. gastritis
d. scarring

A

C

49
Q

Which portion of the large intestines demonstrates the narrowest lumen?
a. cecum
b. sigmoid
c. ascending
d. descending

A

B

50
Q

An asymptomatic patient demonstrates a small, intraluminal hypoechoic mass on ultrasound. The mass appears to protrude from a gastric wall. This is most suspicious for which of the following gastric pathologies?
a. polyp
b. ulcer
c. adenoma
d. leiomyoma

A

A

SONOCAN ABD Review (22 decks)

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