Biliary Notes Flashcards
What is an adenoma? What is it similar to? How common is this neoplasm?
- A benign epithelial tumor
- Histologically similar to a bowel wall polyp
- Most common benign neoplasm.
What is adenomyomatosis? What kind of mass is this? How can this happen in the gallbladder?
- Hyperplasia of epithelial and muscle layers in the gallbladder wall
- A small polypoid mass of the gallbladder wall
- Diverticulosis of the gallbladder.
What is the ampulla of Vater?
Opening in the duodenum for the entrance of the common bile duct.
What is ascariasis?
Infection by a roundworm that may result in abdominal cramping or obstruction.
Bile is a fluid secreted by what organ? Where is it concentrated in? And where is it poured into? What does it play a role in?
- A fluid secreted by the liver, concentrated in the gallbladder, and poured into the small intestine via the bile ducts
- Plays a role in emulsification, absorption, and digestion of fats.
What is bilirubin?
Yellow pigment in bile formed by the breakdown of red blood cells.
What is biliary atresia?
Partial or complete absence of the biliary system.
What is biliary colic? What is it also called?
Visceral pain associated with passing of stone(s) through the bile ducts; also called cholecystalgia.
What is biloma? What is it formed by?
An extrahepatic collection of extravasated bile from trauma, surgery, or gallbladder disease.
What is Bouveret syndrome?
Gastric outlet obstruction caused by duodenal impaction of a large stone that has migrated through a cholecystoduodenal fistula.
What is Caroli disease?
A segmental, saccular, or beaded appearance to the intrahepatic biliary ducts.
What is Charcot triad?
Fever, chills, and jaundice.
What is cholangitis?
Inflammation of a bile duct.
What is cholangiocarcinoma?
Carcinoma of a bile duct.
What is cholecystitis?
Inflammation of the gallbladder.
What is cholecystokinin?
A hormone secreted in the small intestine that stimulates gallbladder contraction and secretion of pancreatic enzymes; stimulation occurs after food reaches the duodenum.
What is a choledochal cyst?
Cystic dilatation of the common bile duct.
What is choledocholithiasis?
Calculus in the common duct; stones contain bile pigments, bile calcium salts, and cholesterol.
What is cholelithiasis?
The presence or formation of gallstones; stones contain cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and calcium carbonate.
What is cholesterolosis?
A form of hyperplastic cholecystosis caused by the accumulation of triglycerides and esterified sterols in the macrophage of the gallbladder wall.
What is cholesterosis appearance?
Type of cholesterolosis associated with a strawberry appearance to the gallbladder.
What is chronic cholecystitis?
Recurrent attacks of acute cholecystitis.
What is clonorchiasis?
Parasite that typically resides in the intrahepatic ducts; the gallbladder and pancreas may also be affected.
What is the common duct?
Term used to include the extrahepatic common hepatic duct and common bile duct.
What is the Courvoisier sign? What is it caused by?
- Painless jaundice associated with an enlarged gallbladder
- Caused by the obstruction of the distal common bile duct by an external mass (typically adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head).
What is the cystic duct? What does it drain into?
Small duct that drains the gallbladder.
What is emphysematous cholecystitis?
Gas in the gallbladder wall or lumen.
What is empyema?
Pus in the gallbladder.
What is hematobilia? What three things is it assocaited with?
- Bleeding into the biliary tree
- Associated with
- Liver Biopsy,
- Blunt trauma
- Rupture of a hepatic artery aneurysm.
What is Hartmann pouch?
Small posterior pouch near the gallbladder neck.
What is jaundice?
Yellowish discoloration of the skin or sclera related to an increased level of bilirubin in the blood.
What is the junctional fold?
Fold or septation of the gallbladder at the junction of the neck and body.
What is a Klatskin tumor?
Carcinoma located at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts.
What is the main lobar fissure?
A hyperechoic line extending from the right portal vein to the gallbladder fossa; a boundary between the left and right lobes of the liver.
What is Mirizzi syndrome? What does it cause? (5)
- Impacted stone in the cystic duct
- Causing compression on the common hepatic duct resulting in
— Jaundice
— Recurrent cholangitis
— Formation of biliary fistulas,
— Cholangitis
— Cirrhosis.
What is parallel channeling?
Condition in biliary obstruction representing imaging of the dilated hepatic duct and adjacent portal vein.
What is a phrygian cap?
Fold in the gallbladder fundus.
What is pneumobilia?
Air in the biliary tree.
What is a polyp?
A soft tissue mass protruding from the gallbladder wall.
What is a porcelain gallbladder?
Complete or partial calcification of the gallbladder wall.
What is a positive Murphy sign?
Severe pain when pressure is increased over the gallbladder.