Retroperitoneum Review Flashcards
Which of the following hormones modifies the body’s response to inflammation?
a. aldosterone
b. norepinephrine
c. glucocorticoids
d. epinephrine
C.
A malignant neoplasm derived from striated muscle describes a:
a. myxoma
b. leiomyosarcoma
c. rhabdomyosarcoma
d. pheochromocytoma
C
Gastrohepatic lymphadenopathy is associated with:
a. lymphoma
b. renal cell carcinoma
c. uterine carcinoma
d. inflammatory bowel
A
Which of the following adrenal pathologies is typically demonstrated bilaterally?
a. adrenal cyst
b. pheochromocytoma
c. adrenal adenoma
d. adrenal hyperplasia
D
Which of the following is considered a function of the lymph node?
a. modify the body’s response to inflammation
b. maintain the water and sodium balance
c. form antibodies to fight infection
d. maintain normal blood circulation
C
Which of the following is a symptom associated with adrenocortical carcinoma?
a. severe anxiety
b. weight loss
c. muscle cramps
d. hypotension
B
Which of the following is the most common cause of Conn syndrome?
a. adrenal adenoma
b. adrenal carcinoma
c. adrenal hemorrhage
d. adrenal hyperplasia
A
Which of the following adrenal neoplasms is most likely to infiltrate surrounding structures?
a. teratoma
b. liposarcoma
c. mesothelioma
d. leiomyosarcoma
B
A urinoma is most likely to develop in which of the following regions?
a. lesser sac
b. paracolic gutter
c. perinephric space
d. subhepatic space
C
The most common neoplasm to develop in the retroperitoneum is a:
a. liposarcoma
b. myxoma
c. fibrosarcoma
d. mesothelioma
A
Which of the following statements correctly describes the adrenal glands?
a. The medulla comprises 25% of the gland.
b. Gonadal hormones are secreted by the medulla.
c. Norepinephrine is secreted by the cortex.
d. The arteries supplying the adrenal glands arise from the aorta, renal, and inferior phrenic arteries.
D
The anterior pararenal space is most accurately defined as the area between the:
a. perirenal space and the posterior pararenal space
b. posterior peritoneum and Gerota’s fascia
c. anterior abdominal wall and the psoas muscle
d. anterior peritoneum and Gerota’s fascia
B
Young children have a predisposing factor for developing which of the following adrenal neoplasms?
a. nephroblastoma
b. Wilms’ tumor
c. neuroblastoma
d. liposarcoma
C
Which of the following structures form the anterior border of the retroperitoneum?
a. diaphragm
b. pelvic rim
c. posterior parietal peritoneum
d. posterior abdominal wall muscles
C
An enlarged irregular lymph node demonstrating a round appearance is most consistent with an underlying:
a. malignancy
b. hemorrhage
c. infection
d. obstruction
A
Which of the following structures is located in the anterior pararenal space?
a. kidneys
b. pancreas
c. adrenal glands
d. inferior vena cava
B
Benign adrenal pathology associated with hypertension, tachycardia, and palpitations is most consistent with which of the following pathologies?
a. hyperplasia
b. pheochromocytoma
c. hemorrhage
d. adenoma
B
Visceral lymph nodes are located:
a. around the aorta
b. along the prevertebral vessels
c. in the peritoneum
d. near the adrenal glands
C
The location of the right adrenal gland most accurately correlates to which of the following regions?
a. lateral to the right kidney
b. posterior to the inferior vena cava
c. medial to the diaphragmatic crura
d. medial to the inferior vena cava
B
Elevation in which of the following laboratory tests is a clinical finding in Addison disease?
a. cortisol
b. aldosterone
c. serum sodium
d. serum potassium
D
Which of the following conditions is a predisposing factor for development of an adrenal adenoma?
a. anorexia
b. hypotension
c. diabetes mellitus
d. polycythemia vera
C
The “floating aorta” sign is caused by lymphadenopathy in which of the following regions?
a. perinephric space
b. anterior to the aorta
c. surrounding the aorta
d. posterior to the aorta
D
How would an adrenal mass displace the upper pole of the kidney?
a. cephalad and laterally
b. inferior and medially
c. cephalad and medially
d. lateral and caudally
D
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
a. cortisol
b. epinephrine
c. estrogen
d. aldosterone
B
A condition caused by complete or partial failure of the adrenocortical function describes:
a. Conn syndrome
b. Addison disease
c. Cushing disease
d. Graves’ disease
B
The arrow identifies which of the following?
a. angiomyolipoma
b. normal adrenal cortex
c. an adrenal hemorrhage
d. normal adrenal medulla
D
A 35-year-old man presents with a history of a sudden onset of hypertension. The sonogram is most suspicious for a(n):
a. adrenal cyst
b. liver cyst
c. pheochromocytoma
d. retroperitoneal hemorrhage
A
The pathology identified in this sonogram is considered a:
a. result of trauma
b. rare finding
c. common incidental finding
d. rare vascular tumor
B
Which of the following is demonstrated in this transverse sonogram?
a. horseshoe kidney
b. lymphadenopathy
c. mesenteric cysts
d. retroperitoneal fibrosis
B
Which of the following abnormalities is the most likely complication of retroperitoneal fibrosis?
a. pancreatitis
b. cholecystitis
c. hydronephrosis
d. portal hypertension
C
An enlarged lymph node demonstrating an oval shape and smooth wall margins is most consistent with an underlying:
a. malignancy
b. hemorrhage
c. infection
d. obstruction
C
Which of the following fluid collections is most likely to demonstrate a rapid increase in size following renal transplant surgery?
a. seroma
b. hematoma
c. urinoma
d. lymphocyte
C
An abnormal growth of epithelial cells is demonstrated in which of the following neoplasms?
a. myxoma
b. teratoma
c. lipoma
d. mesothelioma
D
Which of the following malignant neoplasms contains cells of smooth muscle?
a. fibrosarcoma
b. liposarcoma
c. leiomyosarcoma
d. mesothelioma
C
The sonographic appearance of a liposarcoma is most likely described as a:
a. hypoechoic mass with thin wall margins
b. hyperechoic mass with thick wall margins
c. complex mass with irregular wall margins
d. hyperechoic mass with irregular wall margins
B
In a neonatal patient, this sonogram of the right upper quadrant is most likely demonstrating a(n):
a. neuroblastoma
b. adrenal adenoma
c. adrenal hemorrhage
d. normal adrenal gland
C
A hypervascular mass is identified in the right upper quadrant of a 15-month-old toddler. This is most suspicious for which of the following pathologies?
a. nephroblastoma
b. intussusception
c. neuroblastoma
d. adrenal hemorrhage
C
A sonogram of the left groin demonstrates oval-shaped masses. These masses are most likely:
a. lipomas
b. hematomas
c. lymph nodes
d. liposarcomas
C
The outer portion of the adrenal gland comprises:
a. 10% of the gland
b. 25% of the gland
c. 75% of the gland
d. 90% of the gland
D
The adrenal glands are also known as the:
a. cortisol glands
b. adrenaline glands
c. suprarenal glands
d. retroperitoneal glands
C
The right suprarenal vein empties into which of the following vascular structures?
a. splenic vein
b. right renal vein
c. inferior vena cava
d. right gonadal vein
C
Which of the following hormones increases during times of excitement or stress?
a. cortisol
b. aldosterone
c. epinephrine
d. norepinephrine
C
Which of the following components is a major factor in determining blood volume?
a. sodium
b. vitamin K
c. potassium
d. calcium
A
Obesity is most likely a predisposing factor in developing which of the following adrenal neoplasms?
a. cyst
b. hemorrhage
c. adenoma
d. pheochromocytoma
C
Which of the following hormones is produced by the pituitary gland?
a. trypsin
b. epinephrine
c. aldosterone
d. adrenocorticotrophic hormone
D
Which of the following is considered a function of the adrenal glands?
a. produce hormones
b. release secretin hormones
c. regulate serum electrolytes
d. release glycogen as glucose
A
A rare vascular tumor of the adrenal gland defines a:
a. teratoma
b. neuroblastoma
c. rhabdomyosarcoma
d. pheochromocytoma
D
The inner portion of the adrenal gland is termed the:
a. hilum
b. cortex
c. intima
d. medulla
D
The location of the left adrenal gland most accurately correlates to which of the following regions?
a. anterior to the stomach
b. medial to the aorta
c. anterior to the tail of the pancreas
d. posterior to the splenic artery
D
Cushing disease is most commonly caused by which of the following pathologies?
a. adrenal hyperplasia
b. pituitary mass
c. adrenal mass
d. polycystic ovarian disease
B
