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SONOCAN ABD Review > Abdominal Vasculature Review > Flashcards

Abdominal Vasculature Review Flashcards

1
Q

A true aortic aneurysm is defined as a dilatation of the abdominal aorta:
a. compared with a more proximal segment
b. measuring 3.0 cm or greater
c. compared with a previous imaging study
d. measuring 2.5 cm or greater

A

B

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2
Q

A fusiform aneurysm is best described as:
a. a focal outpouching of one arterial wall
b. a uniform dilatation of the arterial walls
c. asymmetrical thrombus formation
d. an increase in size compared with a more proximal segment

A

B

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3
Q

The first visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the:
a. gastric artery
b. celiac axis
c. inferior phrenic artery
d. middle suprarenal artery

A

B

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4
Q

The left renal vein receives tributaries from which of the following veins?
a. inferior mesenteric and coronary veins
b. left suprarenal and inferior mesenteric veins
c. coronary and left suprarenal veins
d. left suprarenal and left gonadal veins

A

D

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5
Q

The main portal vein bifurcates at the hepatic hilum into the:
a. anterior and posterior portal veins
b. medial and lateral portal veins
c. left and right portal veins
d. superior and inferior portal veins

A

C

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6
Q

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the left renal vein?
a. The left renal vein demonstrates a pulsatile flow pattern.
b. The left renal artery is located anterior to the left renal vein.
c. The superior mesenteric artery courses posterior to the left renal vein.
d. The left renal vein may appear dilated because of compression from the mesentery.

A

D

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7
Q

Which of the following structures is located anterior to the inferior vena cava?
a. psoas muscle
b. right adrenal gland
c. diaphragmatic crura
d. head of the pancreas

A

D

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8
Q

The abdominal aorta usually bifurcates into the right and left common iliac arteries at the level of the:
a. 12th thoracic vertebra
b. 2nd lumbar vertebra
c. 4th lumbar vertebra
d. 5th lumbar vertebra

A

C

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9
Q

The celiac axis branches into which of the following arteries?
a. proper hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries
b. common hepatic, right gastric, and splenic arteries
c. proper hepatic, gastroduodenal, and splenic arteries
d. common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries

A

D

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10
Q

The presence of a palpable “thrill” within an artery is suspicious for a(n):
a. aneurysm
b. occlusion
c. stenosis
d. arteriovenous fistula

A

D

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11
Q

The contour of a mycotic aneurysm is most commonly described as:
a. berry-shaped
b. saccular-shaped
c. fusiform-shaped
d. teardrop-shaped

A

B

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12
Q

The gonadal arteries arise from the:
a. renal arteries
b. abdominal aorta
c. lumbar arteries
d. internal iliac arteries

A

B

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13
Q

Which of the following arteries gives rise to the gastroepiploic artery?
a. gastric artery
b. splenic artery
c. gastroduodenal artery
d. superior mesenteric artery

A

B

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14
Q

Which of the following veins courses in an oblique plane between the right and left lobes of the liver?
a. right hepatic vein
b. right portal vein
c. main portal vein
d. middle hepatic vein

A

D

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15
Q

The normal diameter of the main portal vein in a middle age patient should not exceed:
a. 0.8 cm
b. 1.0 cm
c. 1.3 cm
d. 1.8 cm

A

C

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16
Q

A patient presents with a history of pulmonary embolism. On the basis of the clinical history, the mass is most suspicious for a(n):
a. neoplasm
b. thrombus
c. incompetent valve
d. ulcerative plaque

A

B

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17
Q

The arrow is demonstrating which of the following vascular structures?
a. hepatic artery
b. portal vein
c. hepatic vein
d. right renal artery

A

D

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18
Q

The anechoic structure lying anterior to the inferior vena cava and posterior to the liver most likely represents the:
a. main portal vein
b. gallbladder
c. right hepatic vein
d. superior mesenteric vein

A

B

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19
Q

Which of the following visceral branches of the abdominal aorta is identified by arrow A?
a. renal artery
b. celiac axis
c. inferior phrenic artery
d. superior mesenteric artery

A

B

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20
Q

Which of the following branches of the
abdominal aorta is identified by arrow B?
a. celiac axis
b. renal artery
c. superior mesenteric artery
d. inferior suprarenal artery

A

C

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21
Q

Which of the following conditions most commonly coexists with a popliteal aneurysm?
a. carotid stenosis
b. venous insufficiency
c. abdominal aortic aneurysm
d. dissection of the thoracic aorta

A

C

22
Q

Development of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is most commonly caused by:
a. trauma
b. infection
c. arteriosclerosis
d. fibrointimal hyperplasia

A

C

23
Q

Which of the following aneurysms is associated with a recent history of bacterial infection?
a. ectatic
b. dissecting
c. mycotic
d. ruptured

A

C

24
Q

The inferior vena cava is considered enlarged after the diameter exceeds:
a. 2.0 cm
b. 2.5 cm
c. 3.0 cm
d. 3.7 cm

A

D

25
Q

Development of an arteriovenous fistula may be caused by:
a. neoplasm
b. hypertension
c. venous thrombosis
d. congestive heart failure

A

A

26
Q

An infiltrating neoplasm within the inferior vena cava most commonly originates from which of the following structures?
a. liver
b. spleen
c. kidney
d. adrenal gland

A

C

27
Q

Direct extension of thrombus into the inferior vena cava is most likely caused by thrombus originating in the:
a. renal vein
b. femoral vein
c. hepatic vein
d. right gonadal vein

A

B

28
Q

Berry-shaped aneurysms primarily affect which of the following arteries?
a. splenic
b. cerebral
c. extracranial
d. abdominal aorta

A

B

29
Q

Diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia is made when:
a. one of the mesenteric vessels demonstrates stenosis
b. the superior mesenteric artery demonstrates stenosis
c. a minimum of two mesenteric vessels demonstrate stenosis
d. all three mesenteric vessels demonstrate stenosis

A

C

30
Q

Hypovolemic shock is a clinical finding in patients with a history of:
a. Marfan syndrome
b. a ruptured aortic aneurysm
c. a mycotic aortic aneurysm
d. an arteriovenous shunt

A

B

31
Q

A 65-year-old local farmer presents with a history of leukocytosis and an enlarging, pulsatile abdominal mass. The anterior, posterior, and lateral borders of the distal aorta are outlined by the calibers. On the basis of the clinical history, the sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the following pathologies?
a. lymphadenopathy
b. arterial dissection
c. retroperitoneal fibrosis
d. mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

D

32
Q

Which of the following vascular structures is identified by arrow A?
a. splenic artery
b. splenic vein
c. left renal vein
d. superior mesenteric vein

A

B

33
Q

Which of the following vascular structures is identified by arrow B?
a. celiac axis
b. splenic artery
c. gastroduodenal artery
d. superior mesenteric artery

A

D

34
Q

The findings in this sonogram are most suspicious for which of the following conditions?
a. pseudoaneurysm
b. dissecting aneurysm
c. ruptured aneurysm
d. aneurysm with chronic thrombus

A

D

35
Q

Arrow A is most likely identifying which of the following vascular structures?
a. hepatic vein
b. main portal vein
c. inferior vena cava
d. right renal vein

A

D

36
Q

The anechoic area identified by arrow B is most consistent with which of the following vascular structures?
a. splenic vein
b. inferior vena cava
c. abdominal aorta
d. main portal vein

A

B

37
Q

Dilatation of an artery caused by damage to one or more layers of the arterial wall describes a(n):
a. berry aneurysm
b. dissecting aneurysm
c. pseudoaneurysm
d. abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

C

38
Q

Diffuse enlargement of the abdominal aorta without distal tapering best describes:
a. ectatic aneurysm
b. pseudoaneurysm
c. aortic ectasia
d. true abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

C

39
Q

Which of the following vascular structures courses posterior to the inferior vena cava?
a. splenic artery
b. right renal artery
c. left renal vein
d. inferior mesenteric artery

A

B

40
Q

Which of the following vessels lies between the duodenum and the anterior portion of the pancreatic head?
a. gastric artery
b. celiac axis
c. common hepatic artery
d. gastroduodenal artery

A

D

41
Q

Which of the following statements about the main renal arteries is true?
a. Duplication of the main renal arteries is rare.
b. The left renal artery courses anterior to the splenic vein.
c. The right renal artery courses posterior to the crus of the diaphragm.
d. The left renal artery courses posterior to the tail of the pancreas.

A

D

42
Q

Which of the following arteries supplies the left transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid?
a. gonadal artery
b. superior mesenteric artery
c. external iliac artery
d. inferior mesenteric artery

A

D

43
Q

Patients with Marfan syndrome have a predisposing risk factor for developing a(n):
a. pseudoaneurysm
b. pulmonary embolism
c. abdominal aortic aneurysm
d. stenosis in the common carotid artery

A

C

44
Q

The risk of rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 6.0 cm in diameter is approximately:
a. 5% within 1 year
b. 15% within 5 years
c. 50% within 2 years
d. 75% within 5 years

A

B

45
Q

The amount of blood supplied to the liver from the portal venous system is approximately:
a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70%

A

D

46
Q

Which of the following vessels course anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery?
a. portal vein
b. splenic vein
c. left renal vein
d. superior mesenteric vein

A

C

47
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein usually drains into the:
a. splenic vein
b. main portal vein
c. superior mesenteric vein
d. inferior vena cava

A

A

48
Q

Which of the following vascular structures is most commonly mistaken as a dilated pancreatic duct?
a. splenic vein
b. celiac axis
c. splenic artery
d. superior mesenteric vein

A

C

49
Q

A dilatation of an artery compared with a more proximal segment describes which of the following abnormalities?
a. pseudoaneurysm
b. arteriovenous fistula
c. ectatic aneurysm
d. saccular aneurysm

A

C

50
Q

Which of the following controls will decrease artifactual echoes only within the abdominal aorta?
a. Overall gain
b. Dynamic range
c. Postprocessing
d. Time-gain compensation

A

D

SONOCAN ABD Review (22 decks)

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