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SONOCAN ABD Review > Cystic diseases > Flashcards

Cystic diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cyst?

A

A walled-off collection of fluid.

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2
Q

What are true cysts characterized by?

A

They have an epithelial wall and can be congenital or acquired.

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3
Q

What are the types of congenital true cysts?

A

Hereditary and developmental.

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4
Q

What are acquired cysts characterized by? 5

A
  1. They have no epithelial wall
  2. Post-traumatic
  3. Infectious
  4. Parasitic
  5. Inflammatory (abscesses).
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5
Q

What are the features of true cysts?

A

Multiple cysts in one organ or multiple organs with cysts.

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6
Q

What are the features of acquired cysts? (what are questions we can ask about them?)

A
  1. History
  2. Signs, and symptoms.
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7
Q

What is the significance of cyst sonographic presentation?

A

It helps direct the course of treatment for the patient.

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of a simple cyst? 4

A
  1. Anechoic
  2. Strong back wall
  3. Posterior acoustic enhancement
  4. Oval or round shape.
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9
Q

What are the characteristics of complex cysts? 4

A
  1. Internal echoes
  2. Septations
  3. Calcifications
  4. Thick wall or mural nodularity.
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10
Q

How does age affect the occurrence of cysts?

A

Age increases the occurrence of cysts, especially in the liver and kidneys.

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11
Q

What can multiple cysts indicate?

A

A genetic abnormality.

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12
Q

What are possible effects of cysts? 6

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Pain
  3. Pressure
  4. Increased lab values
  5. Jaundice
  6. Fever.
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13
Q

What are simple renal cortical cysts? 4

A
  1. Simple cysts that are benign
  2. Have unknown etiology
  3. Increase with age
  4. Mostly asymptomatic.
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14
Q

What are complex renal cortical cysts?

A

Cysts that do not meet the criteria of a simple cyst and require further imaging.

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15
Q

What is Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)? (How common are they, when they manifest, what organs they are associated with)

A
  1. The most common hereditary renal disorder
  2. Manifesting in the 4th decade
  3. Associated with liver, pancreas, and cerebral anomalies.
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of ADPKD? 5

A
  1. Palpable mass
  2. Pain
  3. Hematuria
  4. Hypertension
  5. UTIs.
17
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of ADPKD?

A

Renal enlargement and multiple cysts bilaterally.

18
Q

What is Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD)? What condition is it associated with?

A
  1. A condition with four types that are age-dependent
  2. Associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis.
19
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of ARPKD?

A

Massively enlarged echogenic kidneys with loss of CM differentiation.

20
Q

What are parapelvic cysts?

A

Cysts believed to be lymphatic in origin, located in the renal sinus, and mostly asymptomatic.

21
Q

What is Medullary Sponge Kidney? What condition is associated with this condition?

A

A condition with dilated collecting tubules, etiology unknown, found in ~12% of patients with renal stones.

22
Q

What is Medullary Cystic Disease?

A

A result of progressive renal tubular atrophy with genetic forms.

23
Q

What is Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK)?

A

The most common renal cystic disease in children, developmental due to obstruction of ureter in utero.

24
Q

What are primary congenital cysts?

A

Also called epidermoid cysts of the spleen, rare and asymptomatic.

25
Q

What is a choledochal cyst? Which part of the world do we normally see these conditions?

A

A condition with fusiform dilation of the CBD, more common in Eastern Asian populations.

26
Q

What is Caroli’s Disease?

A

A rare congenital condition causing dilation of the intrahepatic biliary tree.

27
Q

What is cystic fibrosis? What does this make the pancreas look like?

A

A genetic condition causing exocrine dysfunction, with increased echogenicity of the pancreas.

28
Q

What are peritoneal inclusion cysts?

A

Cysts formed by trapped ovarian fluid due to adhesions.

29
Q

What are mesenteric cysts? What kind of findings are these?

A

Rare intra-abdominal cysts of lymphatic or mesothelial origin, typically incidental findings.

30
Q

What is a GI duplication cyst?

A

A cyst filled with anechoic fluid with a well-defined double layer wall.

31
Q

What are degenerative prostatic cysts?

A

The most common type of prostatic cyst, typically located in the transitional zone.

32
Q

What are congenital prostatic cysts? What are they associated with?

A

Mostly asymptomatic, associated with infertility and hematospermia.

33
Q

What are common lab tests related to cysts?

A

Elevated liver function tests and leukocytosis.

34
Q

What are treatment options for cysts?

A

Cyst aspiration or alcohol ablation, surgical removal, or organ transplant.

SONOCAN ABD Review (32 decks)

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