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SONOCAN ABD Review > Neck And Salivary Galnds Review > Flashcards

Neck And Salivary Galnds Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following veins empties directly into the internal jugular vein?
a. subclavian
b. brachiocephalic
c. superior thyroid
d. external jugular

A

C

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2
Q

Which of the following structures produces thyroid stimulating hormone?
a. thyroid glands
b. pituitary gland
c. parathyroid glands
d. hypothalamus

A

B

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3
Q

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with hyperthyroidism?
a. constipation
b. weight gain
c. exophthalmos
d. skin dryness

A

C

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4
Q

Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with hypothyroidism?
a. Graves disease
b. Addison disease
c. Hashimoto disease
d. de Quervain syndrome

A

C

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5
Q

Which of the following is considered a function of the parathyroid gland?
a. producing hormones
b. secreting calcitonin
c. regulating serum electrolytes
d. maintaining homeostasis of blood calcium concentrations

A

C

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6
Q

The vertebral arteries join at the base of the skull to form the:
a. circle of Willis
b. basilar artery
c. carotid sinus
d. brachiocephalic artery

A

B

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7
Q

A superficial cystic structure lying directly below the angle of the mandible is most suspicious for which of the following?
a. cystic hygroma
b. thyroglossal cyst
c. brachial cleft cyst
d. parotid cyst

A

C

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8
Q

A congenital anomaly associated with an additional thyroid lobe is termed a(n):
a. accessory lobe
b. pyramidal lobe
c. ectopic lobe
d. duplicated isthmus

A

B

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9
Q

Which of the following transducers may aid in measuring the length of an enlarged thyroid gland?
a. 3.5 MHz curvilinear
b. 9.0 MHz linear
c. 15 MHz linear
d. 10 MHz sector

A

A

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10
Q

The first indication of thyroid gland failure is linked with a decrease in:
a. thyroxine
b. calcitonin
c. thyrotropin
d. triiodothyronine

A

C

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11
Q

A prominent hypoechoic ring surrounds a thyroid nodule. This sonographic finding is most consistent with which of the following neoplasms?
a. lipoma
b. adenoma
c. lymph node
d. complex cyst

A

B

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12
Q

Which of the following salivary glands demonstrates an intraparenchymal lymph node?
a. parotid gland
b. sublingual gland
c. submandibular gland
d. parotid and submandibular glands

A

A

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13
Q

Hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism is a clinical finding for which of the following conditions?
a. goiter
b. thyroiditis
c. hyperplasia
d. metastatic disease

A

B

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14
Q

A thyroglossal cyst is located between which of the following structures?
a. hyoid bone and thyroid gland
b. left thyroid lobe and tongue
c. thyroid isthmus and tongue
d. trachea and thyroid gland

A

C

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15
Q

The majority of blood supplied to the brain is through the:
a. vertebral arteries
b. external carotid arteries
c. internal carotid arteries
d. common carotid arteries

A

C

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16
Q

The anechoic structures identified by arrow A most likely represent which of the following structures?
a. thyroid cyst
b. carotid artery
c. strap muscles
d. parathyroid cyst

A

C

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17
Q

The echogenic structure identified by arrow B most likely represents which of the following structures?
a. esophagus
b. strap muscles
c. thyroid isthmus
d. longus colli muscle

A

C

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18
Q

The hypoechoic structure identified by arrow C most likely represents which of the following structures?
a. trachea
b. strap muscles
c. longus colli muscle
d. sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

B

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19
Q

A 32-year-old woman presents with a 2-month history of fatigue, sore throat, and dysphagia following an episode of cellulitis. The results of laboratory tests are pending. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most consistent with:
a. Graves disease
b. metastatic disease
c. Hashimoto disease
d. carotid body tumor

A

C

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20
Q

On the basis of the clinical symptoms and sonographic findings, the laboratory results will most likely demonstrate:
a. hypercalcemia
b. hypothyroidism
c. hyperthyroidism
d. hypoparathyroidism

A

B

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21
Q

Which of the following abnormalities is identified in this sonogram of the thyroid gland?
a. goiter
b. adenoma
c. carcinoma
d. hemangioma

A

B

22
Q

A patient presents with a palpable anterior neck mass. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic finding is most suspicious for a:
a. cystic hygroma
b. brachial cleft cyst
c. thyroglossal cyst
d. submandibular salivary gland cyst

A

C

23
Q

How many parathyroid glands are found in the majority of the population?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6

A

C

24
Q

Which of the following arteries arises first from the internal carotid artery?
a. basilar artery
b. ophthalmic artery
c. superior thyroid artery
d. middle cerebral artery

A

B

25
Q

Which of the following symptoms is most likely related to hypercalcemia?
a. fatigue
b. palpitations
c. tingling feet
d. abdominal pain

A

D

26
Q

Pancreatitis, hypertension, and hypercalcemia are clinical findings associated with which of the following neoplasms?
a. multinodular goiter
b. parathyroid adenoma
c. thyroid carcinoma
d. parathyroid carcinoma

A

B

27
Q

The parathyroid glands are located:
a. anterior to the thyroid lobe and longus colli muscle
b. posterior to the thyroid lobe and longus colli muscle
c. anterior to the thyroid gland and posterior to the longus colli muscle
d. posterior to the thyroid gland and anterior to the longus colli muscle

A

D

28
Q

A cystic hygroma is most likely related to which of the following abnormalities?
a. thyroglossal cyst
b. arteriovenous fistula
c. inadequate drainage of lymph fluid
d. impaired synthesis of thyroid hormones

A

C

29
Q

Which of the following statements about the carotid artery is true?
a. The right common carotid artery arises from the aortic arch.
b. The external carotid artery courses lateral to the internal carotid artery.
c. The internal carotid artery terminates at the circle of Willis.
d. The internal carotid artery lies anterior to the external carotid artery.

A

C

30
Q

Inflammation of the thyroid gland secondary to a viral infection is most commonly associated with which of the following conditions?
a. Graves disease
b. Caroli disease
c. Mirizzi syndrome
d. de Quervain syndrome

A

D

31
Q

Which of the following muscles is located posterior to the thyroid lobes?
a. sternohyoid
b. omohyoid
c. longus colli
d. sternocleidomastoid

A

C

32
Q

The most common thyroid neoplasm is a(n):
a. cyst
b. goiter
c. adenoma
d. carcinoma

A

C

33
Q

Exposure to ionizing radiation is a predisposing factor for development of which of the following neoplasms?
a. thyroglossal cyst
b. thyroid adenoma
c. parathyroid cyst
d. parathyroid adenoma

A

D

34
Q

Primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is known to extend to which of the following structures?
a. bone
b. liver
c. brain
d. pancreas

A

A

35
Q

Which of the following conditions is considered a predisposing factor for developing a thyroid malignancy?
a. Graves disease
b. Hashimoto disease
c. de Quervain syndrome
d. Marfan syndrome

A

B

36
Q

The normal length of an adult thyroid lobe is approximately:
a. 1.0 to 2.0 cm
b. 2.0 to 4.0 cm
c. 4.0 to 6.0 cm
d. 5.0 to 7.0 cm

A

C

37
Q

Including iodide in your diet is required for the normal production of:
a. calcium
b. thyroxine
c. calcitonin
d. thyrotropin

A

B

38
Q

Chronic sialadenitis is associated with which of the following conditions?
a. sialolithiasis
b. Sjogren’s syndrome
c. parotitis
d. thyroglossal cyst

A

C

39
Q

Which of the following symptoms is associated with hypothyroidism?
a. tremors
b. weight loss
c. muscle cramps
d. exophthalmos

A

C

40
Q

Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the external carotid artery?
a. lingual artery
b. fascial artery
c. superior thyroid artery
d. ascending pharyngeal artery

A

C

41
Q

Serial evaluation of a multinodular goiter should include measurements of the overall length, height, and width of a thyroid lobe along with measurements of the length, height, and width of:
a. each individual nodule
b. the largest nodule(s)
c. the complex nodule(s)
d. the hypervascular nodule(s)

A

B

42
Q

The majority of the thyroid nodules identified on ultrasound are:
a. benign
b. fluid filled
c. hypervascular
d. multilocular

A

A

43
Q

Multilocular nodules are demonstrated on a sonogram of a thyroid gland. This is most consistent with which of the following conditions?
a. Graves disease
b. de Quervain syndrome
c. Hashimoto disease
d. Addison syndrome

A

A

44
Q

Development of which of the following conditions is linked to hyperparathyroidism?
a. kidney failure
b. acute pancreatitis
c. osteoporosis
d. hepatomegaly

A

C

45
Q

A solitary hypoechoic thyroid nodule demonstrating irregular borders and microcalcifications is most suspicious for:
a. carcinoma
b. an adenoma
c. diffuse hyperplasia
d. a hemangioma

A

A

46
Q

A parathyroid mass may be suspected when an abnormality is located:
a. superior to the thyroid isthmus
b. lateral to a thyroid lobe
c. posterior to a thyroid lobe
d. anterior to the thyroid isthmus

A

C

47
Q

Which of the following muscles is located lateral to the thyroid lobes just beneath the subcutaneous tissues in the neck?
a. sternohyoid
b. platysma
c. omohyoid
d. sternocleidomastoid

A

B

48
Q

Which of the following muscles is most often affected by a whiplash injury?
a. scalene
b. sternohyoid
c. longus colli
d. sternocleidomastoid

A

C

49
Q

Pronounced swelling of the neck is most often caused by a(n):
a. thyroglossal cyst
b. carotid body tumor
c. enlarging thyroid gland
d. aneurysm of the carotid artery

A

C

50
Q

Which of the following is the most common etiology of hyperparathyroidism?

  1. Carotid body tumor
  2. Adenoma of a parathyroid gland
  3. Hyperplasia of a parathyroid gland
  4. Multi nodular goitre of a thyroid gland
A

B

SONOCAN ABD Review (22 decks)

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