urinary system

Question 1

located outside capsule, extraperitoneal fat of lumbar region, posterior to kidney

Answer 1

paranephric fat

Question 2

membranous layer that encloses the kidneys, suprarenal glands, and perinephric fat

Answer 2

renal fascia

Question 3

surrounds kidneys & their vessels, closer to surface of kidney

Answer 3

perinephric fat

Question 4

positioned between diaphragm & superomedial kidney, surrounded by fat R: liver & IVC, L: stomach, spleen, pancreas

Answer 4

suprarenal glands

Question 5

what changes during respiration?

Answer 5

location of the kidneys

Question 6

retroperitoneal, ant/post surface, med/lat margin, infer/superior pole

Answer 6

external kidney

Question 7

concave surface of the kidney where nerves and vessels enter and exit the kidney

Answer 7

hilum

Question 8

what exits the kidney through the hilum?

Answer 8

renal vein, ureter

Question 9

what enters the kidney through the hilum?

Answer 9

renal arteries/nerves, lymphatics

Question 10

medulla & cortex are part of the…

Answer 10

internal kidney

Question 11

consists of 6+ renal pyramids, concentration of urine by removing water

Answer 11

medulla

Question 12

composed of nephrons which are responsible for urine production through filtration, resorption and secretion

Answer 12

cortex

Question 13

what drains into the ureters?

Answer 13

minor/major calices, renal pelvis

Question 14

movement of urine:

Answer 14

medulla/renal pyramid –> minor calice –> major calice –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> bladder –> eliminated

Question 15

posterior to renal veins, divide into 5 segmental end arteries (area supplied is independent, called renal segment)

Answer 15

renal arteries

Question 16

longer on the left side than the right, passes the aorta and drains into the IVC

Answer 16

renal veins

Question 17

what are the two parts of a nephron?

Answer 17

corpuscles, tubules

Question 18

site of filtration

Answer 18

corpscule

Question 19

responsible for resorption and secretion

Answer 19

tubules

Question 20

site of urine production, lined by simple squamous

Answer 20

nephron

Question 21

pair of muscular ducts/tube extending from renal pelvis to bladder

Answer 21

ureter

Question 22

what direction does the ureter run?

Answer 22

inferomedially along the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, crossing the external iliac artery, then running along the lateral wall of the pelvis into the bladder

Question 23

how does the ureter enter the bladder? why?

Answer 23

at an oblique angle to prevent backflow of urine

Question 24

potential sites of obstruction by ureteric stones…

Answer 24

junction with renal pelvis (exit renal pelvis), crossing the pelvic brim, passage through bladder wall (enter bladder wall)

Question 25

muscular organ whose walls are lined with detrusor muscle

Answer 25

bladder

Question 26

what are the main parts of the bladder?

Answer 26

apex, fundus, body, neck

Question 27

what is the function of the bladder?

Answer 27

to store and expel urine

Question 28

location of bladder when full / empty

Answer 28

full- ascends into the lower abdominal cavity empty- lesser pelvis

Question 29

thin walled tube, lined by mucous membrane, that extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body

Answer 29

urethra

Question 30

smooth triangular region defined by the ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice

Answer 30

trigone

Question 31

4 regions of male urethra

Answer 31

intramural, prostatic, intermediate (membranous), spongy (penile)

Question 32

regions of the male urethra that only pass urine

Answer 32

intramural, prostatic

Question 33

regions of urethra that pass urine and semen

Answer 33

membranous, spongy

Question 34

5 reasons why women are 30x more likely to get a UTI

Answer 34

length of urethra, placement of urethra, sexual conduct, skin of perineum is sensitive to infection, contraception (spermicide)

Question 35

vascorestriction of renal vessels slows urine formation, fight or flight response

Answer 35

sympathetic stimulation

Question 36

contracts detrusor muscle of bladder wall causing urination

Answer 36

parasympathetic stimulation

Question 37

innervates kidneys & ureters

Answer 37

renal nerve plexus, consisting of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral sensory fibers

Question 38

constricts blood flow to kidneys, decreasing overall kidney output

Answer 38

sympathetic innervation

Question 39

increases blood flow to the kidneys, increases urine production

Answer 39

parasympathetic innervation

Question 40

infection that has to be treated with IV antibiotics, infection that has spread from renal pelvis and calyces to kidney

Answer 40

pyelonephritis

Question 41

kidney transplant

Answer 41

have to have dialysis to remove urine from blood until transplant, happens in the iliac fossa of greater pelvis