lymphatic system

Question 1

lymphatic system

Answer 1

return excess tissue fluid and leaked plasma proteins to blood vascular system via lymphatic vessels, removes cellular debris & infection

Question 2

immune system

Answer 2

protects body from foreign organisms, confers immunity to disease

Question 3

main components of immune system

Answer 3

lymphocytes, lymphoid tissue, lymphoid organs

Question 4

what is the function of lymphatic vessels?

Answer 4

collect excess tissue fluid and blood proteins and return them to bloodstream

Question 5

how does the fluid flow?

Answer 5

only towards the heart, a one-way path

Question 6

what is the tissue fluid called when it is within lymphatic vessels?

Answer 6

lymph

Question 7

lymphatic capillaries

Answer 7

smallest lymph vessels, first to receive lymph, found where blood capillaries are, permeable causing them to collect tissue fluid and bacteria/viruses

Question 8

lymphatic collecting vessels

Answer 8

collect from lymph capillaries, accompany blood vessels (superficial travel with superficial veins, deep ones in thorax & abdomen with deep arteries)

Question 9

lymph nodes

Answer 9

found along lymphatic collecting vessels, lymph is filtered on its way to venous system

Question 10

lymphatic trunks

Answer 10

collect lymph from collecting vessels

Question 11

lymphatic ducts

Answer 11

empty into great veins of neck

Question 12

highly permeable vessels near blood capillaries…

Answer 12

increase volume of tissue fluid, minivalve flaps open & allow fluid to enter

Question 13

high permeability allows the entrance of…

Answer 13

tissue fluid & protein molecules, bacteria, viruses & cancer cells

Question 14

lacteals

Answer 14

specialized lymphatic capillaries that receive digested fats, fatty lymph (chyle)

Question 15

where are lacteals located?

Answer 15

in villi of small intestine

Question 16

chyle

Answer 16

fatty lymph

Question 17

lymph is propelled by…

Answer 17

skeletal muscles bulging, nearby arteries pulsing, tunica media of lymph vessels

Question 18

how many lymph nodes does the human body contain?

Answer 18

500

Question 19

location of superficial lymph nodes

Answer 19

cervical, axillary, inguinal regions

Question 20

location of deep nodes

Answer 20

tracheobronchial, aortic, iliac

Question 21

5 lymphatic trunks

Answer 21

lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, jugular

Question 22

lumbar trunks

Answer 22

receive lymph from lower limbs and pelvic organs

Question 23

intestinal trunk

Answer 23

receives chyle from digestive organs

Question 24

bronchomediastinal trunks

Answer 24

collect lymph from thoracic viscera

Question 25

subclavian trunks

Answer 25

receive lymph from upper limbs and thoracic wall

Question 26

jugular trunks

Answer 26

drain lymph from head and neck

Question 27

3 lymphatic ducts

Answer 27

cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct

Question 28

cisterna chyli

Answer 28

located at union of lumbar and intestinal trunks

Question 29

thoracic duct

Answer 29

ascends along vertebral bodies, empties into venous circulation draining 3/4 of the body, junction of left internal jugular & subclavian veins

Question 30

right lymphatic duct

Answer 30

empties into right internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 31

two main classes of lymphocytes, where do they originate

Answer 31

B and T lymphocytes, bone marrow

Question 32

what travels to thymus gland?

Answer 32

T lymphocytes

Question 33

what stays in the bone marrow?

Answer 33

B lymphocytes

Question 34

what type of tissue is the most important of the immune system?

Answer 34

lymphoid tissue, large numbers of lymphocytes gather to fight infection

Question 35

thymus (primary, bone marrow)

Answer 35

where immature lymphocytes develop into T lymphocytes, most active in childhood

Question 36

secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 36

function to gather and destroy infectious microorganisms and store lymphocytes

Question 37

spleen

Answer 37

removal of bloodborn antigens, destruction and removal of old or defective blood cells

Question 38

tonsils

Answer 38

arranged in a ring at entrance of pharynx to gather & remove pathogens, 4 groups (pharyngeal, lingual, palatine, tubal)

Question 39

what are the four groups of the tonsils

Answer 39

palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, tubal