digestive system practical Flashcards
buccinator
inserts into wall of cheek
where does the esophagus get most of its blood supply?
from the aorta
rugae
longitudinal folds allow digestion
where does the stomach push its contents to?
pylorus and duodenum
parietal peritoneum
lines the body wall
visceral peritoneum
covers external surfaces of most digestive organs
mesentery
fold of peritoneum that attaches organs to posterior body wall
lesser omentum
connects stomach to liver
greater omentum
connects stomach to surrounding organs
omentum
fold of peritoneum that connects organ to stomach or the anterior body wall
ligament
fold of peritoneum that connects two organs together
three subdivisions of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
what is the function of the stomach
mechanical breakdown of food churned into chyme by peristalsis
what is the function of the small intestine
nutrient absorption, enzyme digestion
what is the function of the large intestine
absorption and compaction
teniae coli
3 thickened bands of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers
haustra
pouches of colon between teniae
parts of the colon in order
ascending –> transverse –> descending –> sigmoid
pectinate line
marks the junction between gut tube and body wall structures
what is the innervation of structures above the pectinate line? blood supply & venous drainage?
visceral motor and sensory fibers, inferior mesenteric artery, portal venous system
what is the innervation of structures below the pectinate line? blood supply andveins drain?
somatic motor and sensory fibers, internal iliac artery, caval venous system
intraperitoneal
almost completely covered with visceral peritoneum, conceptually invaginated into a closed sac (organs remain surrounded by peritoneal cavity)
extraperitoneal / retroperitoneal
located outside peritoneal cavity, partially covered with peritoneum (organs fuse to wall & lose mesentery)
what is the function of the liver
bile secretion, metabolic functions, storage of glycogen
what are the four lobes of the liver?
left, right, quadrate, caudate
portal hepatis
passage of hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic ducts, hepatic nerve plexus, lymphatics
falciform ligament
bind the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
round ligament
extends from umbilicus to liver, remnant of umbilical vein that carried oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus
what is the function of the gallbladder?
store and concentrate bile
what do the right and left hepatic portal ducts drain?
right and left portal lobes of liver
what forms the bile duct?
common hepatic duct and cystic duct
what is the function of the pancreas?
secrete enzymes that help digest sugars
intraperitoneal organs
liver, stomach, ileum & jejunum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon
retroperitoneal organs
duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, pancreas
foregut & blood supply
esophagus, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, bile ducts, celiac trunk
midgut & blood supply
small intestine distal to bile duct, cecum, appendix, ascending & most of transverse colon, SMA (superior mesenteric artery)
hindgut & blood supply
remainder of the colon, IMA (inferior mesenteric artery)
what is the blood supply of oral cavity?
external carotid artery
blood supply of lesser curvature
R & L gastric arteries
blood supply of greater curvature
R & L gastro-mental arteries
blood supply of the stomach
celiac trunk –> common hepatic –> left gastric –> splenic arteries
what do the gastric veins drain into?
portal, splenic, and superior mesenteric veins
innervation of the small intestine
splanchnic and vagus nerve
