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Anatomy Bio 220 > pelvis and perineum > Flashcards

pelvis and perineum Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

bony pelvis

A

basin-shaped bony ring that attaches the lower limbs to the spine and supports the visceral organs of the pelvis

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2
Q

what are the 4 bones that make up the bony pelvis?

A

2 hip bones (os coxae), sacrum, coccyx

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3
Q

houses certain abdominal viscera & contains abdominal organs

A

greater (false) pelvis

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4
Q

accommodates pelvic viscera, bladder, reproductive & urinary organs

A

lesser (true) pelvis

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5
Q

what do we refer to as the birth canal?

A

pelvic inlet and outlet

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6
Q

attachment site for sacrum, muscle attachment sites

A

ilium

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7
Q

dorsal portion of as coxae, attaches via ischial tuberosity for hamstring muscles

A

ischium

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8
Q

origin for adductor muscles

A

pubis

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9
Q

what unites to create the acetabulum?

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

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10
Q

what is separated by the pelvic brim?

A

the greater and lesser pelvis

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11
Q

what ligaments attach to the sacrum to to ischial spine or tuberosity which prevents the dislocation of the pelvis?

A

sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament (prevents pelvis from rotating forward)

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12
Q

what forms foramen (passage for lumbar and sacral plexi)?

A

sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament creating the greater & lesser sciatic foramen

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13
Q

hormone that is secreted that relaxes joints and ligaments in pregnant women

A

relaxin

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14
Q

pelvic diaphragm

A

extends from pubic symphysis to coccyx separating pelvic viscera from the perineal structures and supporting the pelvic organs

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15
Q

dynamic floor muscles

A

muscles in action at all times, support pelvic viscera and helps raise intra-abdominal pressure, voluntary control of urination, fecal continence, and uterus support

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16
Q

what separates the pelvic viscera from perineum?

A

pelvic diaphragm

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17
Q

organized to support pelvic organs and to prevent them from prolapsing through diaphragm and outside the body

A

pelvic diaphragm

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18
Q

how many muscles are in the pelvic diaphragm?

A

5 muscles

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19
Q

what are the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

levator ani muscle group (puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus), coccygeus, obturator internus

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20
Q

what is the function of the levator ani muscle group?

A

maintain inter-cavity pressure (fecal continents, urine)

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21
Q

why is the fourth muscle, coccygeus, not part of the levator ani group?

A

different innervation

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22
Q

what is the obturator internus?

A

the wall of the pelvic diaphragm and dynamic floor, permits passage of urethra, rectum, vagina via urogenital hiatus

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23
Q

puborectalis

A

attaches to pubis, forms sling around rectum and attaches back to pubis, doesn’t attach to coccyx

24
Q

what prevents defecation

A

sympathetic system

25
Q

what relaxes the puborectalis

A

parasympathetic

26
Q

arterial supply

A

paired internal iliac arteries and their branches into pelvic cavity, 4 main arteries enter lesser pelvis in females, 3 in males

27
Q

venous drainage

A

parallels to the arteries, tributaries of the internal iliac veins

28
Q

internal iliac artery

A

into pelvic cavity and supply reproductive & urinary structures in pelvis with oxygenated blood

29
Q

what does the internal iliac vein drain?

A

the cavity of deoxygenated blood

30
Q

how many great arteries enter the lesser pelvis in males & females?

A

4 in females, 3 in males

31
Q

what artery supplies the most blood to the lesser pelvis?

A

internal iliac arteries

32
Q

what are pelvic structures innervated by?

A

sciatic nerve, sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves (S1-4), autonomic nervous system

33
Q

what are the nerves for sexual function?

A

pudendal nerve S2-4

34
Q

pudendal canal

A

horizontal passageway within the obturator fascia which covers the obturator internus, transmits the internal pudendal vessels and nerve supply

35
Q

pudendal nerve

A

somatic innervation (S2-4) to perineal body wall, muscles, genitalia, external anal sphincter and skin of perineum, carries sympathetics

36
Q

triangular shaped spaces on inferior side of pelvis

A

perineum

37
Q

contains urogenital structures running from pubic symphysis to ischial tuberosity

A

urogenital triangle

38
Q

contains anus, running from ischial tuberosity to coccyx

A

anal triangle

39
Q

what is perineum bounded by?

A

superiorly- levator ani (pelvic diaphragm)
laterally- obturator internus

40
Q

superficial perineum pouch

A

potential space between the membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue and the perineal membrane

41
Q

deep perineum pouch

A

bounded inferiorly by perineal membrane, superiorly & laterally by fascias of the pelvic diaphragm & obturator internus muscle

42
Q

skin on external surface of genitalia to perineal membrane

A

superficial pouch

43
Q

perineal membrane to pelvic diaphragm

A

deep pouch

44
Q

contents of superficial pouch males

A

ischiocavernousus & bulbospongiosus muscles, proximal part of spongy urethra

45
Q

contents of superficial pouch females

A

ischiocavernous muscle (clitoris), greater vestibular gland, bulbospongiosus

46
Q

contents of deep pouch

A

urethra in both sexes, external urethral sphincter & fatty deposit (ischioanal fat pads)

47
Q

urogenital diaphragm

A

muscles within the deep pelineal pouch plus the perineal membrane

48
Q

ischioanal fossa

A

fat filled wedge shaped region surrounding the rectum and anus, located in anal triangle

49
Q

what happens during the folding stage of urogenital development?

A

the intermediate mesoderm (kidneys) are carried ventrally and loses its connection with the somites

50
Q

urogenital ridge

A

forms on each side of the dorsal aorta, gives rise to urinary & genital systems

51
Q

nephrogenic cord

A

urinary system

52
Q

gonadal ridge

A

genital system

53
Q

the nephrogenic cord becomes…

A

kidneys and part of ureters, develops 3 pairs of kidneys

54
Q

3 pairs of kidneys formed by nephrogenic cord

A

pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

55
Q

cloaca

A

divides into rectum and sinus developed by the metanephric kidneys

56
Q

eptopic kidney

A

kidney in pelvic cavity instead of abdomen, fails to ascend

Anatomy Bio 220 (34 decks)

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