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Anatomy Bio 220 > integumentary system > Flashcards

integumentary system Flashcards

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1
Q

5 integumentary system functions

A

protection, body temp regulation, excretion, vitamin D production, sensory reception

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2
Q

protection

A

cushions and insulates deeper structures

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3
Q

body temperature regulation

A

capillary network and sweat glands control heat loss

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4
Q

excretion

A

salts, water, and urea through sweat

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5
Q

vitamin D production

A

epidermal cells utilize UV radiation to synthesize vitamin D

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6
Q

sensory reception

A

touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

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7
Q

regions of skin

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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8
Q

keratinocytes

A

present in every layer of epidermis, dead keratin producing cells, spiny layer with the most abundant epidermal cells, produce keratin

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9
Q

keratin

A

fibrous protein that provides mechanical protection, produces antibiotics and enzymes that detoxify chemicals

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10
Q

melanocytes

A

basal layer, manufacture and secrete the pigment melanin (skin color)

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11
Q

tactile epithelial cells

A

basal layer, attached to sensory nerve endings, interpretation of innervation (sense, touch, taste)

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12
Q

dendritic cells

A

spiny layer, part of immune system, star shaped cells, migrate in and invade microorganisms

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13
Q

where skin is thick (palms and soles)

A

5 layers of epidermis

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14
Q

where skin is thin (remainder of body)

A

4 layers of epidermis

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15
Q

layers of epidermis

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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16
Q

stratum basale

A

deepest layer, attached to underlying dermis, cells actively divide, contains tactile epithelial cells and melanocytes

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17
Q

stratum spinosum

A

contains thick bundles of intermediate filaments that resist tension, contain dendritic dells, fibers stick to deeper layers holding it together

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18
Q

stratum granulosum

A

allows us to have waterproof skin, thin layer that consists of flattened keratinocytes along with keratohyalin granules (help from keratin) and lamellate granules )(waterproofing glycolipid, slows water loss)

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19
Q

stratum lucidum

A

only in thick skin, several rows of dead keratinocytes

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20
Q

stratum corneum

A

closest to outside body, thick layer of dead keratinocytes & thickened plasma membranes, protects skin, cells shed constantly (dandruff / dry skin flakes)

21
Q

what happens during sunburn?

A

you are burning layers of active cells ruining DNA, can lead to cancer

22
Q

dermis

A

strong, flexible connective tissue, richly supplied with blood vessels & nerves, 2nd major layer of skin

23
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

papillary layer, reticular layer

24
Q

papillary layer

A

outermost layer, nipple like projections stick up into epidermis and hold epidermis to dermis

25
Q

reticular layer

A

strength, durability, a little bit of stretch

26
Q

epidermal ridges

A

on palms & soles creating fingerprints, palm prints, and footprints from dermal ridges elevating the overlying epidermis

27
Q

tension (cleavage) lines

A

allows skin to crease during movement, cutting along a cleavage line and sewing ends back together scar does not form, cut across a cleavage line, lines will never merge back together

28
Q

hypodermis

A

part of body insulating to prevent heat loss, anchors skin to underlying structures (mostly muscles) while allowing sliding

29
Q

what kind of connective tissue does hypodermis contain?

A

areolar and adipose

30
Q

three pigments that contribute to skin color

A

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

31
Q

melanin

A

made from tyrosine, skin color variation due to difference in the type and amount of melanin produced

32
Q

carotene

A

yellowish pigment obtained from carrots and tomatoes, absorbed easily into skin, found in every self tanner

33
Q

hemoglobin

A

allows crimson color of blood in dermal capillaries to show through (redness on cheeks is the blood vessels from epidermis to dermis)

34
Q

nails

A

scale-like modifications of epidermis made of hard keratin (dead keratin), root of nail is the only living part

35
Q

hair

A

flexible strands of dead keratinized cells, root embedded in skin, shaft projects above skin surface

36
Q

3 concentric layers of keratinized cells

A

medulla (central core), cortex (surrounds the medulla), cuticle (outer most layer)

37
Q

hair follicles

A

extend from epidermis into dermis

38
Q

hair bulb

A

deep, expanded end of the hair follicle

39
Q

root plexus

A

knot of sensory nerves around the hair bulb (touch reception)

40
Q

arrector pili

A

bundles of smooth muscle- hair stands erect when arrector pili contracts

41
Q

sebaceous glands

A

occur over the entire body, except on the palms and soles, secrete sebum

42
Q

sebaceous glands

A

occur over the entire body except for palms and soles, secrete sebum

43
Q

sebum

A

an oily substance that collects dirt, softens & lubricates hair and skin (causes body odor)

44
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

widely distributed on surface of body, only in mammals, sweat glands

45
Q

sweat

A

a blood filtrate, 99% water with some salts and traces of metabolic wastes

46
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

eccrine glands, apocrine glands

47
Q

eccrine glands

A

more numerous, produce true sweat (watery, salts, electrolytes)

48
Q

apocrine glands

A

axillary, anal, and genital areas, contain fatty substances and proteins (source of body odor)

49
Q

modified sweat glands

A

in lining of external ear canal (produce waxy secretions) and mammary glands

Anatomy Bio 220 (34 decks)

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