integumentary system

Question 1

5 integumentary system functions

Answer 1

protection, body temp regulation, excretion, vitamin D production, sensory reception

Question 2

protection

Answer 2

cushions and insulates deeper structures

Question 3

body temperature regulation

Answer 3

capillary network and sweat glands control heat loss

Question 4

excretion

Answer 4

salts, water, and urea through sweat

Question 5

vitamin D production

Answer 5

epidermal cells utilize UV radiation to synthesize vitamin D

Question 6

sensory reception

Answer 6

touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

Question 7

regions of skin

Answer 7

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 8

keratinocytes

Answer 8

present in every layer of epidermis, dead keratin producing cells, spiny layer with the most abundant epidermal cells, produce keratin

Question 9

keratin

Answer 9

fibrous protein that provides mechanical protection, produces antibiotics and enzymes that detoxify chemicals

Question 10

melanocytes

Answer 10

basal layer, manufacture and secrete the pigment melanin (skin color)

Question 11

tactile epithelial cells

Answer 11

basal layer, attached to sensory nerve endings, interpretation of innervation (sense, touch, taste)

Question 12

dendritic cells

Answer 12

spiny layer, part of immune system, star shaped cells, migrate in and invade microorganisms

Question 13

where skin is thick (palms and soles)

Answer 13

5 layers of epidermis

Question 14

where skin is thin (remainder of body)

Answer 14

4 layers of epidermis

Question 15

layers of epidermis

Answer 15

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 16

stratum basale

Answer 16

deepest layer, attached to underlying dermis, cells actively divide, contains tactile epithelial cells and melanocytes

Question 17

stratum spinosum

Answer 17

contains thick bundles of intermediate filaments that resist tension, contain dendritic dells, fibers stick to deeper layers holding it together

Question 18

stratum granulosum

Answer 18

allows us to have waterproof skin, thin layer that consists of flattened keratinocytes along with keratohyalin granules (help from keratin) and lamellate granules )(waterproofing glycolipid, slows water loss)

Question 19

stratum lucidum

Answer 19

only in thick skin, several rows of dead keratinocytes

Question 20

stratum corneum

Answer 20

closest to outside body, thick layer of dead keratinocytes & thickened plasma membranes, protects skin, cells shed constantly (dandruff / dry skin flakes)

Question 21

what happens during sunburn?

Answer 21

you are burning layers of active cells ruining DNA, can lead to cancer

Question 22

dermis

Answer 22

strong, flexible connective tissue, richly supplied with blood vessels & nerves, 2nd major layer of skin

Question 23

2 layers of dermis

Answer 23

papillary layer, reticular layer

Question 24

papillary layer

Answer 24

outermost layer, nipple like projections stick up into epidermis and hold epidermis to dermis

Question 25

reticular layer

Answer 25

strength, durability, a little bit of stretch

Question 26

epidermal ridges

Answer 26

on palms & soles creating fingerprints, palm prints, and footprints from dermal ridges elevating the overlying epidermis

Question 27

tension (cleavage) lines

Answer 27

allows skin to crease during movement, cutting along a cleavage line and sewing ends back together scar does not form, cut across a cleavage line, lines will never merge back together

Question 28

hypodermis

Answer 28

part of body insulating to prevent heat loss, anchors skin to underlying structures (mostly muscles) while allowing sliding

Question 29

what kind of connective tissue does hypodermis contain?

Answer 29

areolar and adipose

Question 30

three pigments that contribute to skin color

Answer 30

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

Question 31

melanin

Answer 31

made from tyrosine, skin color variation due to difference in the type and amount of melanin produced

Question 32

carotene

Answer 32

yellowish pigment obtained from carrots and tomatoes, absorbed easily into skin, found in every self tanner

Question 33

hemoglobin

Answer 33

allows crimson color of blood in dermal capillaries to show through (redness on cheeks is the blood vessels from epidermis to dermis)

Question 34

nails

Answer 34

scale-like modifications of epidermis made of hard keratin (dead keratin), root of nail is the only living part

Question 35

hair

Answer 35

flexible strands of dead keratinized cells, root embedded in skin, shaft projects above skin surface

Question 36

3 concentric layers of keratinized cells

Answer 36

medulla (central core), cortex (surrounds the medulla), cuticle (outer most layer)

Question 37

hair follicles

Answer 37

extend from epidermis into dermis

Question 38

hair bulb

Answer 38

deep, expanded end of the hair follicle

Question 39

root plexus

Answer 39

knot of sensory nerves around the hair bulb (touch reception)

Question 40

arrector pili

Answer 40

bundles of smooth muscle- hair stands erect when arrector pili contracts

Question 41

sebaceous glands

Answer 41

occur over the entire body, except on the palms and soles, secrete sebum

Question 42

sebaceous glands

Answer 42

occur over the entire body except for palms and soles, secrete sebum

Question 43

sebum

Answer 43

an oily substance that collects dirt, softens & lubricates hair and skin (causes body odor)

Question 44

sudoriferous glands

Answer 44

widely distributed on surface of body, only in mammals, sweat glands

Question 45

sweat

Answer 45

a blood filtrate, 99% water with some salts and traces of metabolic wastes

Question 46

2 types of sweat glands

Answer 46

eccrine glands, apocrine glands

Question 47

eccrine glands

Answer 47

more numerous, produce true sweat (watery, salts, electrolytes)

Question 48

apocrine glands

Answer 48

axillary, anal, and genital areas, contain fatty substances and proteins (source of body odor)

Question 49

modified sweat glands

Answer 49

in lining of external ear canal (produce waxy secretions) and mammary glands