thorax & body wall

Question 1

body wall

Answer 1

refers to external surface of the organism

Question 2

thoracic body wall

Answer 2

surrounds thorax and protects the thoracic cavity and organs

Question 3

abdominal body wall

Answer 3

surrounds abdominal (peritoneal) cavity and organs

Question 4

thoracic cage

Answer 4

bony framework of the chest

Question 5

sternum

Answer 5

flat bone formed from 3 sections: manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 6

manubrium (referring to sternum)

Answer 6

superior, articulates with the medial ends of the clavicles, first, and second ribs (shaped like knot in neck tie)

Question 7

body (referring to sternum)

Answer 7

sides are notched at articulations for costal cartilages of ribs 2-7

Question 8

xiphoid process (referring to sternum)

Answer 8

a plate of hyaline cartilage that fully ossifies around age 40 (tongue-shaped)

Question 9

intercostal muscles

Answer 9

external, internal and innermost layers work as a group to elevate and depress ribs

Question 10

external layer

Answer 10

stabilizes and elevates ribs

Question 11

internal and innermost layer

Answer 11

internal depresses ribs, innermost weak, decrease volume of ribcage

Question 12

serratus posterior superior

Answer 12

elevates ribs, mostly proprioceptive in function

Question 13

serratus posterior inferior

Answer 13

depresses ribs, mostly proprioceptive in function

Question 14

intercostal spaces

Answer 14

separate ribs- vein, artery, and nerve travel in the costal groove on the inferior surface of a rib between internal & innermost intercostal muscles

Question 15

superficial body wall

Answer 15

1. skin 2. subcutaneous tissue (has 2 layers)

Question 16

subcutaneous tissue layers

Answer 16

1. camper’s fascia, superficial fatty layer 2. subcutaneous tissue: scarpa’s fascia, thickened membranous deep layer

Question 17

deep body wall (5 parts)

Answer 17

1. investing (deep) fascia 2. muscles 3. transversals fascia (muscular) 4. extraperitoneal fat 5. parietal peritoneum (body wall layer)

Question 18

superior epigastric vessels

Answer 18

branches of internal thoracic vessels

Question 19

inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 19

branches of external iliac vessels

Question 20

muscles

Answer 20

5 bilaterally paired muscles

Question 21

3 flat muscles in anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 21

external oblique, internal oblique, transverses abdominis

Question 22

2 vertical muscles

Answer 22

rectus abdominis, pyramidales muscle

Question 23

rectus sheath

Answer 23

tough CT structure formed by 3 flat abdominal muscles and encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidal muscles

Question 24

inguinal ligament

Answer 24

formed by external oblique aponeurosis

Question 25

linea alba

Answer 25

midpoint of abdomen, 2 halves

Question 26

external oblique

Answer 26

direction- \\\ /// actions- flex and rotate trunk

Question 27

internal oblique

Answer 27

direction- /// \\\ actions- flex and rotate trunk

Question 28

transversus abdominis

Answer 28

direction- = = actions- cannot move trunk, compression of abdominal viscera (no skeletal movement)

Question 29

rectus abdominis

Answer 29

direction- |||| actions- flex the trunk, stabilize and control the tilt of pelvis (contained within rectus sheath)

Question 30

inguinal canal

Answer 30

extends from deep inguinal ring (entrance) to superficial inguinal ring (exit)

Question 31

deep ring

Answer 31

formed by an evagination of transversals fascia

Question 32

superficial ring

Answer 32

external oblique aponeurosis

Question 33

hernia

Answer 33

protrusion of abdominal contents out of abdominal cavity through a weak point in muscles of abdominal wall

Question 34

indirect hernia

Answer 34

intestines protrude through the abdominal wall via the superficial inguinal ring

Question 35

direct hernia

Answer 35

intestines push through the abdominal wall