body planes Flashcards
anatomical position
person standing erect or lying down on the back, upper limbs are at the sides with palms facing anteriorly, lower limbs together with feet directed anteriorly
head & neck region anterior regional term
orbital, buccal, mental, cervical
thoracic region anterior regional term
sternal, umbilical
upper limb anterior regional term
axillary, brachial, ante brachial, carpal
lower limb anterior regional term
femoral, patellar, crural, tarsal
head & neck region posterior regional term
otic, occipital
back posterior regional term
vertebral, scapular, lumbar, sacral
lower limb posterior regional term
gluteal, popliteal, sural, calcaneal
coronal (frontal) plane
vertical, divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
sagittal plane
vertical, divides the body into a right and left section
midsagittal (median) plane
vertical, divides the body into equal in size right and left sections
midsagittal (median) plane
vertical, divides the body into equal in size right and left section
transverse plane
horizontal, divides the body into superior and inferior sections
superior (cranial)
closer to the head (ex: lungs are superior to the diaphragm)
inferior (caudal)
closer to feet (ex: the diaphragm is inferior to the lungs)
anterior (ventral)
closer to front of body (ex: the sternum is anterior to the heart)
posterior (dorsal)
closer to back of body (ex: the esophagus is posterior to the trachea)
medial
closer to median plane (ex: the ulna is on the medial side of the forearm)
lateral
farther away from the median plane (ex: the radius is on the lateral side of the forearm)
proximal
closer to trunk or point of origin (ex: the humerus is proximal to the radius)
distal
farther from trunk or point of origin (ex: the foot is distal to the knee)
superficial (external)
closer to or on the surface (ex: skin is superficial to the muscles)
deep (internal)
farther from surface (muscles are deep to the skin)
contralateral
on opposite sides (ex: right hand & left foot)
ipsilateral
on same side (ex: right hand & right foot)
flexion
a bending action that decreases the angle between two body parts
extension
a straightening action that increases the angle between two body parts
hyperextension
bending a joint beyond its straight position
abduction
moving a body part away from the median plane in the coronal plane
adduction
moving a body part towards the median plane in the coronal plane
rotation
moving a body part around its long axis
medial rotation
towards the median plane
lateral rotation
away from median plane
circumduction
a circular motion that incorporates flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
inversion
turning the dorsum of the foot medially
eversion
turning the dorsum of the foot laterally
plantar flexion
depression of the foot
dorsiflexion
elevation of the foot
pronation
medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly
supination
lateral rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly (as in anatomical position)
protrusion (protraction)
moving the mandible anteriorly
recursion (retraction)
moving the mandible posteriorly
