cardiovascular system

Question 1

functions of cv system

Answer 1

distribution of oxygen and thermoregulation

Question 2

3 tunics (coats) or circulatory vessels

Answer 2

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

Question 3

tunica intima

Answer 3

thin endothelial lining

Question 4

tunica media

Answer 4

middle smooth muscle layer

Question 5

tunica adventitia

Answer 5

outer connective tissue coat

Question 6

arteries

Answer 6

carry blood away from heart and distribute it to body

Question 7

3 types of arteries

Answer 7

large elastic, medium muscular, small arteries & arterioles

Question 8

large elastic

Answer 8

many elastic layers allow expansion when heart contracts

Question 9

medium muscular

Answer 9

ability to vasoconstrict regulates body flow to different parts of the body as required

Question 10

small arteries & arterioles

Answer 10

narrow lumina and thick muscular walls

Question 11

veins

Answer 11

return poorly oxygenated blood to heart from capillary beds, thinner walls than arteries

Question 12

small veins & venules

Answer 12

form plexuses

Question 13

medium veins in limbs

Answer 13

valves permit blood flow toward the heart (musculovenous pump)

Question 14

large veins

Answer 14

wide bundles of longitudinal smooth muscle and a well-developed tunica adventitia

Question 15

2 mechanisms of veins

Answer 15

1. skeletal muscle pump 2. venous valves (both of these assist veins in preventing back flow of blood, but do not eliminate it)

Question 16

capillary

Answer 16

any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules, allow exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and other cellular materials surrounding tissues

Question 17

simple endothelial tubes (capillary)

Answer 17

connection between arterial & venous sides of circulation

Question 18

capillaries arranged in networks

Answer 18

capillary beds between arterioles and venules

Question 19

arteriovenous anastomoses (AV)

Answer 19

shunts permit blood to bypass the capillaries, numerous in the skin (conserve body heat)

Question 20

2 types of capillaries

Answer 20

continuous, sinusoidal

Question 21

continuous capillary

Answer 21

(most common type) formed of tight junctions, small molecules are forced to pass between capillaries at intercellular clefts between membranes

Question 22

sinusoidal capillary

Answer 22

(rarer) wider, leaky capillaries that allow the transfer of molecules that are larger

Question 22

sinusoidal capillary

Answer 22

(rarer) wider, leaky capillaries that allow the transfer of molecules that are larger

Question 23

pulmonary circulation

Answer 23

carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the respiratory surfaces of lungs for oxygenation and back into heart for distribution to the body

Question 24

systemic circulation

Answer 24

all systemic arteries arise from aorta. aorta is divided into 4 main parts- ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta

Question 25

ascending aorta

Answer 25

right and left coronary arteries (supply the heart)

Question 26

aortic arch

Answer 26

arteries to head, neck, upper limbs

Question 27

descending thoracic & abdominal aorta

Answer 27

arteries to thorax, abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs

Question 28

deoxygenated blood is carried toward heart by 3 major veins

Answer 28

superior vena cava (SVC), inferior vena cava (IVC), coronary sinus

Question 29

superior vena cava (SVC)

Answer 29

drains head and upper limbs

Question 30

inferior vena cava (IVC)

Answer 30

drains thorax, abdomen, and lower limbs

Question 31

coronary sinus

Answer 31

drains wall of heart

Question 32

azygos venous system function & unpaired vessels

Answer 32

drains blood from thoracic wall and some thoracic viscera into the superior vena cava (SVC) ; 1. azygous vein 2. hemiazygous vein 3. accessory hemiazygous vein

Question 33

hepatic portal venous system

Answer 33

relays digestive products from the stomach & intestines to the liver for processing, detoxification, and storage

Question 34

veins that form hepatic portal venous system

Answer 34

superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein

Question 35

anastomoses

Answer 35

coming together of neighboring vessels

Question 36

importance of anastomoses

Answer 36

help oxygenated blood to continue to flow to tissues if joint is flexed / extended, circumnavigate blockage in arteries

Question 37

varicose veins

Answer 37

abnormally weak and dilated veins as a result of loss of wall elasticity