female reproductive system Flashcards
paramesonephric duct
future female duct
what does the paramesonephric duct become?
uterus, uterine tubes, superior part of vagina
the genital tubercle & urogenital sinus & urethral groove becomes…
genital tubercle- clitoris
urogenital sinus- folds over itself becoming labia
urethral groove- vestibule
external genitalia (pudendum or vulva)
mons pubis, labia majora & minora, clitoris, bulbs of the vestibule, greater & lesser vestibular glands
labia majora
enclosing the pudendal cleft, outerfolds of skin containing subcutaneous fat
labia minora
enclosing the vestibule, inner folds of fat free skin, containing erectile tissue, many sensory endings
internal genitalia
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
mons pubis
rounded fatty eminence overlying the pubic symphysis
what does the round ligament do? where does it terminate?
anchors uterus to the anterior body wall, terminates at labia majora
clitoris
an erectile organ located where labia minora meets anteriorly
what does the clitoris consist of? what are the glands covered by?
2 crura, 2 corpora cavernosa, glands covered by prepuce
vestibule
space surrounding labia minora containing openings of urethra, vagina, and ducts of greater & lesser vestibular glands
what lubricates the vagina during sexual arousal?
vestibule
bulbs of vestibule
paired masses of elongated erectile tissue situated along the sides of the vaginal orifice deep to bulbospongiosus
greater vestibular gland
located on each side of the vestibule posterior to the vaginal orifice, glands open into vestibule and secrete mucus during sexual arousal
lesser vestibular gland
open between urethral and vaginal orifices and secrete mucus
perineal muscles & importance of them
ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, covers erectile tissue, important for sexual arousal
ischiocavernosus (perineal muscle)
maintain secretion of clitoris by compressing outflow veins
bulbospongiosus (perineal muscle)
“sphincter” of vagina, assists in erection of clitoris and bulb of the vestibule, compresses the greater vestibular gland, can clench vagina
superficial transverse perineal muscle
supports and fixes the perineal body and pelvic floor to support viscera
vagina
mostly subperitoneal musculomembranous tube that extends from cervix of uterus to the vestibule of vagina
musculomembranous
some smooth tissue, mostly stretchy connective tissue allowing vagina to expand in size
what does the vagina communicate with?
the cervical canal superiorly, and the vestibule inferiorly, cervix holds vagina open
vaginal fornix
recess around the protruding cervix, yeast can accumulate & multiply, bacteria
what is the primary blood supply of the vagina?
uterine artery, vaginal artery, pudendal artery all from internal iliac branches
veins of vagina…
form plexuses along the side of the vagina and within the vaginal mucosa and drain into the internal iliac veins
ovaries
small organs held in place by ligaments and mesenteries
what attaches the ovaries to the body wall?
mesovarium ligament
what is the connective tissue that surrounds the ovarian artery & vein?
suspensory ligament of the ovary
what attaches the ovaries to the uterus?
ligament of the ovary
uterus
muscular organ that receives, retains and nourishes the fertilized egg
what are the two main parts of the uterus?
body & cervix
body of uterus
included rounded fundus, relatievly constricted isthmus, and the uterine horns, freely moveable
cervix
the cylindrical, narrow inferior part of uterus
what are the three layers of the uterine wall
endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
endometrium
internal lining, mucus layer formed of epithelium, this layer is shed during each menstrual cycle, blastocyst is implanted here
myometrium
middle muscle layer, most capable of expansion during pregnancy, main branches of blood vessels & nerves found here
perimetrium
outer layer, serous membrane, covered by connective tissue and perineum
uterine (fallopian tubes)
away from uterus and loop back on itself resting close to the ovary, open into peritoneal cavity near ovaries
what are the 4 parts of the uterine (fallopian tubes)?
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterine portion
infundibulum
funnel shaped distal end opens into peritoneal cavity
ampulla
widest and longest part of uterine
isthmus
enters uterine horn
uterine portion
short intramural segment
broad ligament of the uterus
a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis
what is the function of the broad ligament of the uterus?
assists in keeping the uterus relatively centered in the pelvis and contains the ovaries, uterine tubes, and the vasculature that serves them
suspensory ligament of the ovary
a lateral extension of the broad ligament over the ovarian vessels
mesovarium
portion of broad ligament suspending the ovary
mesosalpinx
suspends the uterine tube
mesometrium
major part of the broad ligament of uterus
round ligament of uterus
attaches uterus to anterior body wall
mammary glands
modified sweat glands found in superficial body wall
what are the suspensory ligaments of the breast?
thickenings of fascia that anchor breast to skin and separate glandular and fat lobes
what do the lobules drain into?
lactiferous ducts (open on the nipple)
spatial relationships
superficial to pectoralis major, minor, and serratus anterior muscles
retromammary space
a potential space between breast and underlying deep pectoral fascia (allows some degree of movement of breast)
hysterectomy
excision of uterus is performed through lower abdominal wall or vagina
