female reproductive system

Question 1

paramesonephric duct

Answer 1

future female duct

Question 2

what does the paramesonephric duct become?

Answer 2

uterus, uterine tubes, superior part of vagina

Question 3

the genital tubercle & urogenital sinus & urethral groove becomes…

Answer 3

genital tubercle- clitoris
urogenital sinus- folds over itself becoming labia
urethral groove- vestibule

Question 4

external genitalia (pudendum or vulva)

Answer 4

mons pubis, labia majora & minora, clitoris, bulbs of the vestibule, greater & lesser vestibular glands

Question 5

labia majora

Answer 5

enclosing the pudendal cleft, outerfolds of skin containing subcutaneous fat

Question 6

labia minora

Answer 6

enclosing the vestibule, inner folds of fat free skin, containing erectile tissue, many sensory endings

Question 7

internal genitalia

Answer 7

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

Question 8

mons pubis

Answer 8

rounded fatty eminence overlying the pubic symphysis

Question 9

what does the round ligament do? where does it terminate?

Answer 9

anchors uterus to the anterior body wall, terminates at labia majora

Question 10

clitoris

Answer 10

an erectile organ located where labia minora meets anteriorly

Question 11

what does the clitoris consist of? what are the glands covered by?

Answer 11

2 crura, 2 corpora cavernosa, glands covered by prepuce

Question 12

vestibule

Answer 12

space surrounding labia minora containing openings of urethra, vagina, and ducts of greater & lesser vestibular glands

Question 13

what lubricates the vagina during sexual arousal?

Answer 13

vestibule

Question 14

bulbs of vestibule

Answer 14

paired masses of elongated erectile tissue situated along the sides of the vaginal orifice deep to bulbospongiosus

Question 15

greater vestibular gland

Answer 15

located on each side of the vestibule posterior to the vaginal orifice, glands open into vestibule and secrete mucus during sexual arousal

Question 16

lesser vestibular gland

Answer 16

open between urethral and vaginal orifices and secrete mucus

Question 17

perineal muscles & importance of them

Answer 17

ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, covers erectile tissue, important for sexual arousal

Question 18

ischiocavernosus (perineal muscle)

Answer 18

maintain secretion of clitoris by compressing outflow veins

Question 19

bulbospongiosus (perineal muscle)

Answer 19

“sphincter” of vagina, assists in erection of clitoris and bulb of the vestibule, compresses the greater vestibular gland, can clench vagina

Question 20

superficial transverse perineal muscle

Answer 20

supports and fixes the perineal body and pelvic floor to support viscera

Question 21

vagina

Answer 21

mostly subperitoneal musculomembranous tube that extends from cervix of uterus to the vestibule of vagina

Question 22

musculomembranous

Answer 22

some smooth tissue, mostly stretchy connective tissue allowing vagina to expand in size

Question 23

what does the vagina communicate with?

Answer 23

the cervical canal superiorly, and the vestibule inferiorly, cervix holds vagina open

Question 24

vaginal fornix

Answer 24

recess around the protruding cervix, yeast can accumulate & multiply, bacteria

Question 25

what is the primary blood supply of the vagina?

Answer 25

uterine artery, vaginal artery, pudendal artery all from internal iliac branches

Question 26

veins of vagina...

Answer 26

form plexuses along the side of the vagina and within the vaginal mucosa and drain into the internal iliac veins

Question 27

ovaries

Answer 27

small organs held in place by ligaments and mesenteries

Question 28

what attaches the ovaries to the body wall?

Answer 28

mesovarium ligament

Question 29

what is the connective tissue that surrounds the ovarian artery & vein?

Answer 29

suspensory ligament of the ovary

Question 30

what attaches the ovaries to the uterus?

Answer 30

ligament of the ovary

Question 31

uterus

Answer 31

muscular organ that receives, retains and nourishes the fertilized egg

Question 32

what are the two main parts of the uterus?

Answer 32

body & cervix

Question 33

body of uterus

Answer 33

included rounded fundus, relatievly constricted isthmus, and the uterine horns, freely moveable

Question 34

cervix

Answer 34

the cylindrical, narrow inferior part of uterus

Question 35

what are the three layers of the uterine wall

Answer 35

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

Question 36

endometrium

Answer 36

internal lining, mucus layer formed of epithelium, this layer is shed during each menstrual cycle, blastocyst is implanted here

Question 37

myometrium

Answer 37

middle muscle layer, most capable of expansion during pregnancy, main branches of blood vessels & nerves found here

Question 38

perimetrium

Answer 38

outer layer, serous membrane, covered by connective tissue and perineum

Question 39

uterine (fallopian tubes)

Answer 39

away from uterus and loop back on itself resting close to the ovary, open into peritoneal cavity near ovaries

Question 40

what are the 4 parts of the uterine (fallopian tubes)?

Answer 40

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterine portion

Question 41

infundibulum

Answer 41

funnel shaped distal end opens into peritoneal cavity

Question 42

ampulla

Answer 42

widest and longest part of uterine

Question 43

isthmus

Answer 43

enters uterine horn

Question 44

uterine portion

Answer 44

short intramural segment

Question 45

broad ligament of the uterus

Answer 45

a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis

Question 46

what is the function of the broad ligament of the uterus?

Answer 46

assists in keeping the uterus relatively centered in the pelvis and contains the ovaries, uterine tubes, and the vasculature that serves them

Question 47

suspensory ligament of the ovary

Answer 47

a lateral extension of the broad ligament over the ovarian vessels

Question 48

mesovarium

Answer 48

portion of broad ligament suspending the ovary

Question 49

mesosalpinx

Answer 49

suspends the uterine tube

Question 50

mesometrium

Answer 50

major part of the broad ligament of uterus

Question 51

round ligament of uterus

Answer 51

attaches uterus to anterior body wall

Question 52

mammary glands

Answer 52

modified sweat glands found in superficial body wall

Question 53

what are the suspensory ligaments of the breast?

Answer 53

thickenings of fascia that anchor breast to skin and separate glandular and fat lobes

Question 54

what do the lobules drain into?

Answer 54

lactiferous ducts (open on the nipple)

Question 55

spatial relationships

Answer 55

superficial to pectoralis major, minor, and serratus anterior muscles

Question 56

retromammary space

Answer 56

a potential space between breast and underlying deep pectoral fascia (allows some degree of movement of breast)

Question 57

hysterectomy

Answer 57

excision of uterus is performed through lower abdominal wall or vagina