upper limb

Question 1

anterior axio-appendicular muscles

Answer 1

pectoralis major & minor, serratus anterior, subclavian

Question 2

pectoralis major

Answer 2

prime mover of arm flexion, adduction, medial rotation of humerus

Question 3

pectoralis minor

Answer 3

stabilizes the scapula by drawing it anteriorly & inferiorly against thoracic wall

Question 4

serratus anterior

Answer 4

protracts & rotates scapula

Question 5

subclavius

Answer 5

helps stabilize & depress pectoral girdle

Question 6

anterior arm compartment

Answer 6

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis

Question 7

biceps brachii

Answer 7

O: short head, coracoid process of scapula; long head, supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: tuberosity of radius
A: supinates & flexes forearm
I: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 8

coracobrachialis

Answer 8

O: coracoid process of scapula
I: medial surface of humerus
A: helps flex & adduct arm
I: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 9

brachialis

Answer 9

O: distal half of humerus
I: coronoid process & tuberosity of ulna
A: flexes forearm in all positions
I: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 10

posterior arm compartment

Answer 10

triceps brachii

Question 11

coracoid process

Answer 11

attachment site for biceps brachii, pectoralis minor, and coracobrachialis muscles

Question 12

ulna

Answer 12

stabilizing bone of forearm, has olecranon process for articulation with humerus, coronoid process, and styloid process

Question 13

radius

Answer 13

lateral & shorter bone, has head, tuberosity and styloid process at distal end

Question 14

proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 14

pivot joint allows rotation of head of radius on ulna during pronation & supination

Question 15

distal radioulnar joint

Answer 15

pivot joint allows rotation of the radius about the ulna during pronation & supination

Question 16

anterior compartment 1

Answer 16

superficial layer- pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmares longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 17

anterior compartment 2

Answer 17

flexor digitorum superficialis
O: medial epicondyle of humerus & superior half of radius
I: middle phalanges
F: flexes middle phalanges 2-5 at proximal interphalangeal joints & flexes the proximal phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal joints
I: median nerve

Question 18

anterior compartment 3

Answer 18

deep layer- flexor digitorum profundus, flexor policies longs, pronator quadratus

Question 19

carpal tunnel

Answer 19

formed from flexor retinaculum ligament running from the hamate and pisiform bones medially to the scaphoid bone and trapezium bones of wrist

Question 20

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 20

weakness in digits 1-4 as a result of compression of the median nerve.

Question 21

thenar and hypothenar muscles

Answer 21

abduct, flex, oppose thumb & 5th digit; innervation- median nerve (thenar group) ulnar nerve (hypothenar group)

Question 22

thyrocervical trunk

Answer 22

stems from subclavian artery, gives off cervicodorsal trunk (2 branches: suprascapular & dorsal scapular arteries)

Question 23

radial artery

Answer 23

supplies muscles of lateral aspects of anterior & posterior forearm compartments and forms the deep palmar arch

Question 24

ulnar artery

Answer 24

supplies muscles of medial side of forearm (flexors & pronators) and forms superficial palmar arch

Question 25

cephalic vein

Answer 25

superficial vein of prefixal compartment of upper limb; continues deep at the delopectoral triangle to drain into axillary vein

Question 26

basilic vein

Answer 26

postaxial compartment; dives deep in the arm to join the deep veins

Question 27

median cubital vein

Answer 27

superficial link between cephalic & basilic veins; crosses cubital fossa