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Anatomy Bio 220 > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

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1
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

forms most of the embryonic skeleton, covering ends of long bones & joint surfaces

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2
Q

elastic cartilage

A

external ear, epiglottis (flap that closes off airways when swallowing food)

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3
Q

fibrocartilage

A

pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, menisci (piece of cartilage where two bones meet)

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4
Q

classifications of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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5
Q

long bones

A

longer than wide (tubular), has a shaft and two ends (humerus, femur)

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6
Q

short bones

A

roughly cube-shaped bones of the wrist and ankle

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7
Q

sesamoid bones

A

bones that form within tendons (patella)

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8
Q

flat bones

A

thin and flattened, usually curved (sternum, ribs, most skull bones)

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9
Q

irregular bones

A

various & complex shapes (hip bones, vertebrae)

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10
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

skeleton of limbs and formed of long, short, and irregular bones

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11
Q

axial skeleton

A

skeleton of the trunk (ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis, coccyx)

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12
Q

bone marrow production

A

flat bones have very little marrow production, thicker bones have more marrow production

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13
Q

bone markings

A

bone marking that is consistent is a result of a muscle, ligament, or tendon attachment, or something passing through the space (nerve, blood vessel)

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14
Q

tuberosity

A

large rounded projection

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15
Q

trochanter

A

very large, blunt, irregularly-shaped process (only in femur)

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16
Q

tubercle

A

small rounded projection

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17
Q

epicondyle

A

raised area on or superior to a condyle

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18
Q

spine

A

a sharp, slender, often pointed projection

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19
Q

process

A

any bone prominence

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20
Q

foramen

A

round or oval opening through a bone

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21
Q

fissure

A

narrow slit-like opening

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22
Q

fossa

A

shallow basin

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23
Q

sinus

A

cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane

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24
Q

condyle

A

rounded articular projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa, smooth joint surface

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25
Q

facet

A

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

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26
Q

head

A

bony expansion carried on a narrow “neck”

26
Q

head

A

boy expansion carried on a narrow “neck”

27
Q

compact bone

A

outer surface of bone that appears smooth and solid to the naked eye

28
Q

spongy (trabecular) bone

A

internally deep to compact bone layer, honeycomb network where open spaces are filled with red or yellow bone marrow, can grow quickly in response to stresses (remodel itself to provide a more stable portion of the bone internally)

29
Q

diaphysis

A

tubular “shaft” of a bone, does not grow, long section of a bone

30
Q

epiphysis

A

ends of a bone covered with articular cartilage, grows (adds bones at ends), found at ends of bones & joints

31
Q

medullary cavity

A

filled with bone marrow

32
Q

periosteum

A

well innervated and vascularized connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of each bone except the epiphyseal ends

33
Q

covers compact bone externally

A

periosteum

34
Q

covers spongy bone internally

A

endosteum

35
Q

diploë

A

internal spongy bone of flat bones

36
Q

osteon

A

long cylindrical structural unit parallel to the long axis of a bone that functions as a weight-bearing pillar

37
Q

joints are classified on…

A

structure, function, shape

38
Q

joints

A

union between two or more rigid components and classified on the material uniting the ones and degree of movement allowed

39
Q

fibrous joints

A

bones are connected by fibrous tissue and no joint cavity is present, immovable or slightly movable, sutures (short fibers), syndesmoses (longer fibers), gomphxses (periodontal ligament)

40
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

bones united by cartilage and no joint cavity is present, immovable or slightly movable, synchondroses (hyaline cartilage), symphyses (fibrocartilage)

41
Q

synovial joints

A

highly movable, largest, determined by shape, plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket

42
Q

synarthroses

A

immovable joints, axial skeleton

43
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable joints, axial skeleton

44
Q

diarthroses

A

freely movable joints, appendicular skeleton

45
Q

plane

A

short gliding movements

46
Q

hinge

A

angular movements, one axis of movement (flexion and extension)

47
Q

pivot

A

rotational movement, non-axial

48
Q

condyloid

A

abduction & adduction, flexion& extension, biaxial

49
Q

saddle

A

abduction & adduction, flexion & extension, bones are more stable, biaxial

50
Q

ball and socket

A

abduction & adduction, flexion & extension, rotation, move in all directions

51
Q

ossification

A

bone tissue formation begins in the embryo and proceeds through childhood and adolescence as skeleton grows

52
Q

membrane bones

A

formed directly from mesenchyme, all bones of skull

53
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

bone coming from mesenchyme, osteoblast cells secrete bone and replace mesenchymal cells with trabecular bone and then compact bone

54
Q

epiphyseal plates

A

growth of these plates causes bones to lengthen, maintain constant thickness

55
Q

simple fracture

A

bone breaks cleanly but does not puncture skin

56
Q

compound fracture

A

broken ends of the bone poke through skin

57
Q

comminuted

A

bone fragments into 3 or more pieces, common in elderly because bones are extra brittle

58
Q

compression

A

bone is crushed, trauma

59
Q

spinal

A

rotational fractures, ragged break when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone (common in sports)

60
Q

epiphyseal

A

a bone is almost fused & bone growth is almost complete, and the epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate

61
Q

depressed

A

broken bone portion is pressed inward, typical of skull fracture, trauma related

62
Q

greenstick

A

bone breaks incompletely, only one side of the shaft breaks while the other side bends, common in children

Anatomy Bio 220 (34 decks)

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