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Anatomy Bio 220 > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

forms most of the embryonic skeleton, covering ends of long bones & joint surfaces

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2
Q

elastic cartilage

A

external ear, epiglottis (flap that closes off airways when swallowing food)

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3
Q

fibrocartilage

A

pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, menisci (piece of cartilage where two bones meet)

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4
Q

classifications of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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5
Q

long bones

A

longer than wide (tubular), has a shaft and two ends (humerus, femur)

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6
Q

short bones

A

roughly cube-shaped bones of the wrist and ankle

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7
Q

sesamoid bones

A

bones that form within tendons (patella)

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8
Q

flat bones

A

thin and flattened, usually curved (sternum, ribs, most skull bones)

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9
Q

irregular bones

A

various & complex shapes (hip bones, vertebrae)

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10
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

skeleton of limbs and formed of long, short, and irregular bones

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11
Q

axial skeleton

A

skeleton of the trunk (ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis, coccyx)

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12
Q

bone marrow production

A

flat bones have very little marrow production, thicker bones have more marrow production

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13
Q

bone markings

A

bone marking that is consistent is a result of a muscle, ligament, or tendon attachment, or something passing through the space (nerve, blood vessel)

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14
Q

tuberosity

A

large rounded projection

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15
Q

trochanter

A

very large, blunt, irregularly-shaped process (only in femur)

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16
Q

tubercle

A

small rounded projection

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17
Q

epicondyle

A

raised area on or superior to a condyle

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18
Q

spine

A

a sharp, slender, often pointed projection

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19
Q

process

A

any bone prominence

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20
Q

foramen

A

round or oval opening through a bone

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21
Q

fissure

A

narrow slit-like opening

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22
Q

fossa

A

shallow basin

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23
Q

sinus

A

cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane

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24
Q

condyle

A

rounded articular projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa, smooth joint surface

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25
facet
smooth, nearly flat articular surface
26
head
bony expansion carried on a narrow "neck"
26
head
boy expansion carried on a narrow "neck"
27
compact bone
outer surface of bone that appears smooth and solid to the naked eye
28
spongy (trabecular) bone
internally deep to compact bone layer, honeycomb network where open spaces are filled with red or yellow bone marrow, can grow quickly in response to stresses (remodel itself to provide a more stable portion of the bone internally)
29
diaphysis
tubular "shaft" of a bone, does not grow, long section of a bone
30
epiphysis
ends of a bone covered with articular cartilage, grows (adds bones at ends), found at ends of bones & joints
31
medullary cavity
filled with bone marrow
32
periosteum
well innervated and vascularized connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of each bone except the epiphyseal ends
33
covers compact bone externally
periosteum
34
covers spongy bone internally
endosteum
35
diploë
internal spongy bone of flat bones
36
osteon
long cylindrical structural unit parallel to the long axis of a bone that functions as a weight-bearing pillar
37
joints are classified on...
structure, function, shape
38
joints
union between two or more rigid components and classified on the material uniting the ones and degree of movement allowed
39
fibrous joints
bones are connected by fibrous tissue and no joint cavity is present, immovable or slightly movable, sutures (short fibers), syndesmoses (longer fibers), gomphxses (periodontal ligament)
40
cartilaginous joints
bones united by cartilage and no joint cavity is present, immovable or slightly movable, synchondroses (hyaline cartilage), symphyses (fibrocartilage)
41
synovial joints
highly movable, largest, determined by shape, plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket
42
synarthroses
immovable joints, axial skeleton
43
amphiarthroses
slightly movable joints, axial skeleton
44
diarthroses
freely movable joints, appendicular skeleton
45
plane
short gliding movements
46
hinge
angular movements, one axis of movement (flexion and extension)
47
pivot
rotational movement, non-axial
48
condyloid
abduction & adduction, flexion& extension, biaxial
49
saddle
abduction & adduction, flexion & extension, bones are more stable, biaxial
50
ball and socket
abduction & adduction, flexion & extension, rotation, move in all directions
51
ossification
bone tissue formation begins in the embryo and proceeds through childhood and adolescence as skeleton grows
52
membrane bones
formed directly from mesenchyme, all bones of skull
53
intramembranous ossification
bone coming from mesenchyme, osteoblast cells secrete bone and replace mesenchymal cells with trabecular bone and then compact bone
54
epiphyseal plates
growth of these plates causes bones to lengthen, maintain constant thickness
55
simple fracture
bone breaks cleanly but does not puncture skin
56
compound fracture
broken ends of the bone poke through skin
57
comminuted
bone fragments into 3 or more pieces, common in elderly because bones are extra brittle
58
compression
bone is crushed, trauma
59
spinal
rotational fractures, ragged break when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone (common in sports)
60
epiphyseal
a bone is almost fused & bone growth is almost complete, and the epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate
61
depressed
broken bone portion is pressed inward, typical of skull fracture, trauma related
62
greenstick
bone breaks incompletely, only one side of the shaft breaks while the other side bends, common in children

Anatomy Bio 220 (34 decks)

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