male reproductive system

Question 1

mesonephric duct

Answer 1

future male ducts

Question 2

what do the gonads develop as?

Answer 2

intermediate mesoderm called gonadal ridges

Question 3

the mesonephric duct becomes…

Answer 3

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejactulatory duct

Question 4

urogenital sinus

Answer 4

future urethra and bladder lying deep to tubercle

Question 5

urethral groove

Answer 5

external opening of urogenital sinus running between genital tubercle and anus, laterally flanked by urethral folds and labioscrotal swellings

Question 6

what does the enlarged genital tubercle form?

Answer 6

penis and urethral folds which fuse to the midline to form penile urethra

Question 7

what becomes the scrotum?

Answer 7

labioscrotal swellings join the midline

Question 8

testes

Answer 8

move toward scrotum taking blood supply and innervation with it, pulls layers of the abdominal wall with it

Question 9

gubernacuium

Answer 9

fibrous cord that attaches to the inferior portion of the testis and floor of developing scrotal sac

Question 10

processus vaginalis

Answer 10

outpouching of peritoneal lining in the abdomen, pokes through layers of abdominal wall into developing scrotum

Question 11

what layer of the abdominal wall is not in the testes?

Answer 11

transversus abdominis, layers are not inferior enough

Question 12

what changes happen to the seminiferous tubules during puberty?

Answer 12

they are closed and then become tube like and are linked to the tubule system

Question 13

what fuels the growth of the testes?

Answer 13

testosterone and production of sperm

Question 14

scrotum

Answer 14

sac of skin that extends external to the abdominopelvic cavity, 3 degrees cooler (essential for sperm production)

Question 15

two muscles of the scrotum

Answer 15

dartos and cremaster

Question 16

dartos muscle

Answer 16

wrinkle skin of scrotum (external oblique)

Question 17

cremaster muscle

Answer 17

raise teste closer to body wall in response to cold temperature or sexual arousal (internal oblique)

Question 18

where is sperm manufactured?

Answer 18

testes, seminiferous tubules (site of sperm production)

Question 19

epididymis

Answer 19

on organ where sperm is mature, more cord-like, thicker tube, sperm are stored here

Question 20

pathway for production & ejaculation of sperm

Answer 20

seminiferous tubules –> epididymis –> ductus/vas deferens –> joins ducts of seminal vesicles –> ejaculatory duct –> empties into urethra in prostate –> urethra (inside prostate)

Question 21

what attaches to the ejaculatory duct in addition to vas deferens?

Answer 21

seminal vesicles, providing fructose that nourishes sperm

Question 22

accessory sex glands

Answer 22

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands

Question 23

seminal glands

Answer 23

ejaculatory duct, lies between fundus of bladder & rectum, secretes a thick fluid that mixes with sperm as it passes into the ejaculatory duct & urethra

Question 24

secretions of seminal glands contain

Answer 24

fructose & other nutrients that nourish sperm, other substances to enhance fertilization

Question 25

ejaculatory ducts

Answer 25

slender tubes that arise by the union of the duct of a seminal gland with the ductus deferens near neck of bladder

Question 26

prostate gland

Answer 26

encircles the prostatic urethra

Question 27

prostatic secretions

Answer 27

1/3 of semen volume and contain enzymes that enhance sperm mobility

Question 28

bulbourethral glands

Answer 28

inferior to the prostate, secrete mucus (pre-ejaculation fluid)

Question 29

penis

Answer 29

3 columns of erectile tissue, corpus spongiosum, corpora cavernosa

Question 30

corpus spongiosum

Answer 30

unpaired, urethra running through

Question 31

corpora cavernosa

Answer 31

paired erectile tissue

Question 32

glas penis

Answer 32

expanded tip of the penis surrounding the urethral opening, continuous with corpus spongiosum

Question 33

prepuce (foreskin)

Answer 33

loose fold of skin surrounding the glans to a variable extent

Question 34

what anchors the penis to the body wall?

Answer 34

bulb and crus

Question 35

crura

Answer 35

angled portions off to side (ischiocavernosus)

Question 36

bulb

Answer 36

bulbosponginosus surrounds it

Question 37

single corpus spongiosum

Answer 37

surrounds urethra, enlarged proximally (root covered by bulbospongiosus muscle) and distally (glans)

Question 38

paired corpora cavernosa

Answer 38

covered by the ischiocavernosus muscles

Question 39

what is the function of the muscles corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernose?

Answer 39

maintaining erection and emptying the urethra

Question 40

fundiform ligament

Answer 40

condensation of abdominal wall fascia (superior attachment of penis to body wall)

Question 41

erection

Answer 41

sympathetic system- anit erection
parasympathetic system- pro erection (relaxation of smooth muscle allowing blood to flow into erectile tissue)

Question 42

what happens at the same time during erection?

Answer 42

the expanding erectile tissue puts pressure on the veins adn the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles compress erectile tissue compressing veins decreasing outflow of blood

Question 43

what are the three parts of erection in males and females?

Answer 43

reflexogenic (stimulation), psychogenic (thought induced), nocturnal (REM sleep)

Question 44

two phases of ejaculation

Answer 44

emission and expulsion

Question 45

emission (sympathetic nervous system)

Answer 45

causes semen to be released into ducts, closes neck of bladder so semen components can’t enter allowing them to be released in the ducts

Question 46

expulsion (somatic nervous system)

Answer 46

mostly from pudendal nerve, peristalsis contractions of muscle, parasympathetic encourages bulbourethral glands to secrete mucus

Question 47

hypospadias

Answer 47

fusion of urethral folds is incomplete, usually requires surgery to stitch it back up