intro to nervous system

Question 1

central nervous system

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord, integrating and command center

Question 2

peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

nerves that exist form the brain & spinal cord, link all body regions to the CNS, contains ganglia

Question 3

somatic body region

Answer 3

body wall (outer tube)

Question 4

visceral body region

Answer 4

inner tube

Question 5

somatic sensory

Answer 5

general: things you can feel on the outside of your body (touch, pain, vibration, pressure, temp)
special: hearing, equilibrium, vision

Question 6

visceral sensory

Answer 6

general: widely felt in digestive & urinary tracts, reproductive organs (stretch, pain, temp, nausea, hunger)
special: taste & smell

Question 7

somatic motor

Answer 7

“voluntary”, signals contraction of skeletal muscles

Question 8

visceral motor

Answer 8

regulates contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle, makes up autonomic nervous system

Question 9

axon

Answer 9

impulse generator & conductor away form cell body

Question 10

dendrites

Answer 10

extensive branches from cell body, receive signals, transmit electrical signals toward cell body

Question 11

synapses

Answer 11

site where neurons communicate

Question 12

presynaptic neuron

Answer 12

conducts signal toward a synapse

Question 13

postsynaptic neuron

Answer 13

transmits chemical or electrical activity away from synapse

Question 14

sensory neurons (afferent)

Answer 14

make up sensory division of PNS, transmit impulses toward CNS from sensory receptors in the PNS

Question 15

motor neurons (efferent)

Answer 15

make up the motor division of the PNS, carry impulses away from the CNS to effector organs (muscles & glands)

Question 16

interneurons

Answer 16

located between motor and sensory neurons, synapse with sensory neurons, confined entirely to CNS

Question 17

structure of a typical nerve

Answer 17

cordlike organs in PNS, consist of numerous axons arranged in parallel bundles and enclosed by connective tissue

Question 18

reflex arcs

Answer 18

simple chains of neurons that explain reflex behaviors, reflect structural plan of nervous system, and are responsible for reflexes (rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli)

Question 19

components of reflex arc

Answer 19

receptor site, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector muscle or gland

Question 20

receptor site

Answer 20

where stimulus acts

Question 21

sensory neuron

Answer 21

transmits the sensory impulses to the CNS

Question 22

integration center

Answer 22

one or more synapses in the CNS

Question 23

motor neuron

Answer 23

conducts the motor impulses to the effector organ

Question 24

effector muscle or gland

Answer 24

responds by contracting or secreting

Question 25

dorsal roots

Answer 25

sensory fibers

Question 26

ventral roots

Answer 26

motor fibers

Question 27

spinal nerve proper

Answer 27

dorsal and ventral roots come together so each spinal cord has motor and sensory fibers, then each spinal nerve splits

Question 28

dorsal rami

Answer 28

innervate the dorsum of neck and trunk

Question 29

ventral rami

Answer 29

innervate the lateral and anterior regions of the neck, trunk, limbs

Question 30

nerve plexus

Answer 30

regrouping of nerves that come together and intermingle their fibers and new named nerves come off of it, a network of nerves

Question 31

nerve plexuses

Answer 31

formed from nerve plexus, cervical (neck), brachial (upper limb), lumbar (lower back & lower limb), sacral (pelvis & lower limb)

Question 32

dermatome

Answer 32

skin innervated by sensory fibers of one spinal nerve