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Pharmacology > Unit 7: GU > Flashcards

Unit 7: GU Flashcards

1
Q

Most common pathogen for UTI

A

E coli

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2
Q

Complicated UTIs may be due to

A

Pseudomonas, enterococcus, staphylococcus, serratia, providencia, fungi

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3
Q

Urine culture for UTI

A

> 10^5/mL

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4
Q

Urinary analgesics for UTI

A

Methenamine, phenazopyridine, flavoxate
used to treat urgency, frequency, burning, and discomfort
Should not be used for more than 2 days

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5
Q

First line antibiotics for UTI

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfametaxazole (Bactrim)
Nitrofurantoin
Fluoroquinolones (Cipro)

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6
Q

Second line antibiotics for UTI

A

Cipro–usually reserved for complicated UTI and pyelonephritis

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7
Q

Antibiotics safe for UTI in pregnancy

A

Amoxicillin, cephalexin, nitrofurantoin (only 1st and 2nd trimester)

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8
Q

Prostatitis categories

A

Acute bacterial
chronic bacterial
chronic nonbacterial and pelvic pain syndrome
asymptomatic inflammatory

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9
Q

Main organism in acute bacterial prostatitis

A

E coli and pseudomonas

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10
Q

Main organisms in chronic bacterial prostatitis

A

pseudomonas, E Coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterococcus

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11
Q

Most accurate method of prostatitis diagnosis

A

culture isolation of prostatic urine

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12
Q

1st line therapy for bacterial prostatitis

A

Fluoroquinolone for 4-6 weeks

Oral

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13
Q

Other antibiotics for bacterial prostatitis

A

Bactrim, doxycycline, azithromycin, clarithromycin

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14
Q

BPH causes

A

may be due to higher amounts of estrogen in the gland that increases activity of substances that promote cell growth; or increase in DHT levels
Increased smooth muscle tone in lower urinary tract due to stimulation of alpha 1 receptors

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15
Q

Main class of drugs for BPH

A

a1 blockers

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16
Q

5-a-reductase inhibitors for BPH

A

Finasteride + Dutasteride
Decrease levels of intracellular DHT without reducing testosterone levels
Most men achieve 20-40% reduction after 6 months of use

17
Q

a-adrenergic blockers

A

-zosin, tamsulosin (flomax)
Relax smooth muscle of prostate and bladder neck without interfering with bladder contractility
May take weeks to months to see effects
May cause hypotension

18
Q

Erection

A

Release of NO following PANS stimulation –> causes smooth muscle relaxation that permits inflow of blood
Vasoactive intestinal peptide and prostaglandins E1 + E2 also contribute to vasodilation

19
Q

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors

A

Sildenafil (viagra)
Inhibit breakdown of one of messengers required for erection
Reinforce the normal cellular signals that increase cAMP

20
Q

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors CI in

A

use of nitrates, unstable angina, systolic BP <90, alpha blockers, recent MI

21
Q

Overactive bladder

A

urinary urgency + frequency, nocturia, with or without urge urinary incontinence
SANS stimulates urethral sphincter closure and detrusor relaxation during filling
PANS influences contraction of detrusor and relaxation of sphincter during emptying

22
Q

Predominant mediator of detrusor contraction

A

ACh mediated activation of muscarinic receptors–more so M3

23
Q

Drug target for treatment of OAB

A

M3 receptor blockage

24
Q

First line tx of OAB

A

Anticholinergics/antimuscarinics

25
Q

Anticholinergics for OAB

A

Oxybutynin, tolterodine, trospium, solifenacin, fesoterodine
Increase bladder capacity, decrease intensity and frequency of bladder contractions and delay initial urge to void

26
Q

Beta adrenergic agonists for OAB

A

Mirabegron
Selective B3 agonist
Increases cAMP which causes smooth muscle relaxation and increased urine storage space

27
Q

Onabotulinumtoxin A (Botox) for OAB

A

Reserved for patients who have failed other treatments
Injected into detrusor muscle, inhibits Ca dependent release of ACh, ATP and substance P and desensitizes motor neurons
UTI is a common SE

28
Q

Alpha adrenergic antagonists for OAB

A

-Zosin

Decrease sympathetic mediated stricture

29
Q

Antidiuretic drugs for OAB

A

Desmopressin

Can cause diuresis without impacting BP

30
Q

Causative organism for chlamydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

31
Q

First line therapy for chlamydia

A

Azithromycin single dose

Doxycycline

32
Q

Causative organism for gonorrhea

A

N. Gonorrhoeae

33
Q

First line treatment for gonorrhea

A

Single dose ceftriaxone + single dose of azithromycin

34
Q

Causative organism for syphilis

A

Spirochete trepenema pallidum

35
Q

First line treatment for syphilis

A

Penicilin G

If allergic treat with doxycyline or tetracycline

36
Q

Antivirals for genital herpes

A

Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

CI in breastfeeding

37
Q

Most common pathogens for pelvic inflammatory disease

A

N. Gonorrheoeae and C. Trachomatis

38
Q

TX for PID

A

Usually same as gonorrhea or chlamydia

Cefoxitin, doxycycline, clindamycin, ofloxacin, metronidazole, ceftriaxone

39
Q

Therapy for HPV

A

Podofilox and Podophyllin Resin–self applied gel

Trichloroacetic acid and bichloroacetic acid–applied by healthcare professional

Pharmacology (56 decks)

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