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Pharmacology > Final studying > Flashcards

Final studying Flashcards

1
Q

Atarax or Visatril

A

Hydroxyzines for anxiety
H1 blockers
SE: dry mouth, drowsiness

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2
Q

Suvorexant

A

Blocks orexin neuropeptides causing sleep induction and maintenance

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3
Q

Pramipexole, Rotigotine, Ropinirole

A

Dopaminergic agonist

Tx of restless leg syndrome

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4
Q

Phenlizine

A

MAOI

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5
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Similar to TCA; Increases sedation, increases appetite, and decreases insomnia

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6
Q

NPH (Humulin N)

A

Intermediate acting insulin
Onset: 1-4 hours
Duration: 14-26 hours

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7
Q

Pramlintide

A

Amylin analog–co-secreted with insulin in response to food; delays gastric emptying
Good for large fluctuations in blood glucose
Symylin Pen

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8
Q

TZD

A

-Glitazone

Decreased insulin resistance, binds to PPR gamma steroid hormone

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9
Q

Lispro (Humalog)

A

Rapid acting insulin
Onset <30 mins
Duration 3-5 hours

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10
Q

Glargine (Lantus) and Detemir

A

Long acting insulin
Onset 2-4 hours
Duration 24 hours

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11
Q

Regular (Humulin R)

A

Short acting insulin
Onset 30 mins
Duration 6-8 hours

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12
Q

Tramadol

A

Weak opioid receptor agonist

Less respiratory depression but may increase risk of seizures

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13
Q

Ketamine

A

Low dose for analgesia
High dose for anesthesia
SE: vivid dreams, sedation, delirium

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14
Q

Hydroxyzine, Meclizine, Dimenhydrinate, Scopolamine

A

H1 blockers in CTZ
Used for N/V and motion sickness
SE: anticholinergic, drowsiness, sedation, confusion

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15
Q

Hydromorphone

A

Dilaudid

More potent than morphine, safer in renal failure

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16
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Used for N/V
Increases GI peristalsis and GI emptying
Good for diabetic gastric stasis, post-surgical gastric stasis, GERD
SE: increased EPS, diarrhea

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17
Q

Senna

A

Effects drug transit time due to increasing peristalsis–can decrease absorption of prescriptive medicines

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18
Q

Zinc

A

Decreases antibiotic levels

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19
Q

Vitamin E

A

Liver toxicity

Increases anticoagulant effect of warfarin

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20
Q

Ephedra

A

Stimulant

Add to caffeine=death

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21
Q

Prochlorperazine, Promethazine

A

Phenothiazines
Used for N/V
Dopaminergic receptor blocker in CTZ
SE: Anticholinergic, drowsy, sedation, EPS, CNS depression

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22
Q

Meperidine

A

Demerol

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23
Q

Lactulose, glycerine, PEG (miralax), sorbitol

A

Hyperosmotic laxatives

SE: abdominal cramping and nausea

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24
Q

Ondansetron, granisetron, palonesteron, dolasetron

A

Seretonin antagonist
For N/V
Used for chemo induced N/V or hyperemesis gravidarum

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25
Q

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) + Senna

A

Stimulant laxative
Increases peristalsis
Avoid long term

26
Q

Baclofen

A

Antispasmodic medication

27
Q

Kaolinide

A

Absorbs water and toxins in colon

Used for diarrhea

28
Q

Methylcellulose, psyllium (metamucil)

A

Bulk-forming lacatives
Binds to feces and pulls water to bulk it up
Take with lots of water

29
Q

Cimetidine, famatodine, nizatidine, ranitidine

A

H2 receptor blockers
Used for GERD or ulcer healing
Decreases acid secretion and pepsin activation

30
Q

Dicylomine (Bentyl) and Hyosycamine

A

Antispasmodics used for IBS

31
Q

Sulfalazine, mesalamine, olsalazine balsalazide

A

Aminosalicylates
Gold standard for UC/CD
Decreases inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandins

32
Q

Naloxegel

A

Opioid antagonist to treat opioid induced constipation

33
Q

Meclizine (Antivert)

A

H1 blocker for treatment of motion sickness

34
Q

Cymbalta (Duloxetine)

A

SNRI

Good for depression + neuropathic pain

35
Q

Maalox

A

Antacid

Can be used as first line for GERD

36
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate

A

Pepto Bismol
Stimulates prostaglandin, mucus and bicarb secretion in stomach
Inhibits prostaglandin and chloride secretion in large intestine
SE: dark tongue, black stools, tinnitus

37
Q

Meridia (Sibutramine)

A

Appetite suppressant
Weight loss drug
Increases BP

38
Q

Rifaximin

A

Synthetic antibiotic similar to rifampin

Effective against non-invasive E Coli; used for travelers diarrhea

39
Q

Intranasal steroids for allergic rhinitis

A

Beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone

40
Q

Ducosate Sodium

A

Surfactant laxative

41
Q

Olopatadine, azelastine

A

Intranasal antihistamines

42
Q

Verenicline (Chantix)

A

Binds to subunit of nicotinic ACh receptor
Alleviates nicotine withdrawal symptoms
SE: Suicidal ideation

43
Q

Bupropion

A

Anti-depressant that can be used for smoking cessation

SE: dry mouth, insomnia

44
Q

Liraglutide

A

GLP-1 analog
Used for DM and weight loss
Feelings of satiety

45
Q

Zolpidem and Zalepion

A

Benzodiazepine agonists
Used for insomnia
May cause sleep walking, talking or driving

46
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Alpha 2 anatagonist/mixed serotonin blockers
Causes sedation
May increase appetite

47
Q

Antibiotics of choice for inflammatory bowel disease

A

Metronidazole or Cipro

48
Q

Pentoprazole (Protonix)

A

PPI

Irreversibly inhibits gastric proton pumps

49
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

A

Prostaglandin analog for NSAID induced ulcer

Category X

50
Q

A1C goal

A
  1. 5 for diabetic or fasting BG of 126

7. 5 for elderly–do not adjust meds because of risk of effects outweighing benefits

51
Q

SymlinPen

A

For major fluctuations and swings in blood sugar: slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon, regulates appetite
Take before a big meal
SE: hypoglycemia, GI symptoms, HA, anorexia
CI: pediatrics, HbA1C>9, noncompliance with treatment
Wait 1 hour before or 2 hours after other medications

52
Q

Antidepressant for adolescents

A

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Age 12 and over

53
Q

Indications for PPI

A

GERD, PUD, gastritis, prophylaxis in hospital
Take in AM and 2 hours apart from other drugs
Check drug levels–will inhibit other drugs

54
Q

Live vaccines

A

MMR, shingles, varicella

Do not give to pregnant women

55
Q

1st line for heartburn

A

Antacids

56
Q

Instructions for synthroid

A

Take in AM on empty stomach, dont eat anything for a few hours
Can take up to 6 weeks for max effect
Stay with same brand even if insurance changes–write “no substitutions” on script

57
Q

Vitamin A overdose

A

liver toxicity

58
Q

Vitamin E is good for

A

malabsorption

59
Q

Codeine used for

A

Pain and cough

Metabolized to morphine in liver

60
Q

Best antidepressant for elderly

A

SSRIs–Celexa

TCA’s can affect CV status

61
Q

What to give post-op for constipation

A

Colace–stool softener

Dulcolax–stimulant laxative

Pharmacology (56 decks)

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