Exam 4 Allergies, CAM, weight loss, smoking cessation

Question 1

Type 1 allergic tx

Answer 1

Anaphylaxis

Question 2

Type 2 allergic tx

Answer 2

Transfusion rxn

Question 3

Type 3 allergic tx

Answer 3

SLE

Question 4

Type 4 allergic tx

Answer 4

Allergic dermatitis

Question 5

Tx of cutaneous reaction

Answer 5

Antihistamines
1st gen: diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, chlorpheniramine
2nd gen: Loratadine + Fexofenadine
If no relief, can use steroids

Question 6

1st line therapy for allergic rhinitis

Answer 6

Intranasal corticosteroids

Question 7

2nd line therapy for allergic rhinitis

Answer 7

Antihistamines or nasal congestants

Question 8

Intranasal antihistamines

Answer 8

Olopatadine, Azelastine

Question 9

Nasal decongestants

Answer 9

Phenylephrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, tetrahydroxoline
Sympathomimetic amines chemically related to NE
Vasoconstrict–offer relief from nasal congestion
Can increase BP and HR

Question 10

Intranasal corticosteroids

Answer 10

Beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone, flunisolide

Question 11

Intranasal cromolyn

Answer 11

Mast cell stabilizer preventing antigen-induced degranulation, inhibiting release of histamine and other cytokines

Question 12

Tx of allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 12

Eye drops–steroids, antihistamines, vasoconstrictors, NSAIDs

Question 13

Effects of nicotine

Answer 13

Respiratory stimulatijn, skeleral muscle relaxation, epinephrine release, peripheral vasoconstriction, increased BP, increased HR, increased CO, increased O2 consumption
Increased dopamine release

Question 14

Nicotine replacement patches

Answer 14

Nicoderm and Habitrol
Do not require Rx
Should be worn 16-24 hours per day
Attach to hairless portion of upper outer arms or upper chest

Question 15

Nicotine gum

Answer 15

Nicorette
One piece of gum stays in system for 2-3 hours
9 pieces per day for 6 weeks

Question 16

nicotine nasal spray

Answer 16

Requires prescription

Fastest rate of absorption

Question 17

Nicotine lozenges

Answer 17

No prescription

Delivers craving fighting medication quickly

Question 18

Bupropion

Answer 18

Antidepressant for smoking cessation

SE: dry mouth and insomnia

Question 19

Verenicline (Chantix)

Answer 19

Requires prescription
Binds to subunit of nicotinic ACh receptor
Allerviates withdrawal symptos
SE: nausea, constipation, abnormal dreams, suicidal ideation

Question 20

Pathophysiology of weight loss

Answer 20

Ghrelin is appetite stimulant
Leptin is appetite suppressant
GLP-1 signals satiety

Question 21

When is obesity medication recommended

Answer 21

BMI >30 or >27 with comorbidity

Question 22

Appetite suppressants

Answer 22

Diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, phentermine
Nonamphetamine agents
Tolerance may develop
Stimulate hypothalamus to release catecholamines, specifically NE
Potential for abuse

Question 23

Orlistat

Answer 23

Lipase inhibitor
Acts locally in GI tract; lowers absorption of fat by 30%
CI in malabsorption syndrome of cholestasis
SE: diarrhea, fatty stools, flatulence

Question 24

Lorcaserin

Answer 24

Serotonin 5-HT-2c receptor agonists
Activates pro-oplomelanocortin neurons in arcuate nucleus
Results in feeling of satiety and decreases food intake

Question 25

Liraglutide

Answer 25

GLP-1 receptor agonist
Also used for type 2 DM
Stimulates glucose dependent insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying, increases feeling of satiety