Exam 4 Allergies, CAM, weight loss, smoking cessation Flashcards
Type 1 allergic tx
Anaphylaxis
Type 2 allergic tx
Transfusion rxn
Type 3 allergic tx
SLE
Type 4 allergic tx
Allergic dermatitis
Tx of cutaneous reaction
Antihistamines
1st gen: diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, chlorpheniramine
2nd gen: Loratadine + Fexofenadine
If no relief, can use steroids
1st line therapy for allergic rhinitis
Intranasal corticosteroids
2nd line therapy for allergic rhinitis
Antihistamines or nasal congestants
Intranasal antihistamines
Olopatadine, Azelastine
Nasal decongestants
Phenylephrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, tetrahydroxoline
Sympathomimetic amines chemically related to NE
Vasoconstrict–offer relief from nasal congestion
Can increase BP and HR
Intranasal corticosteroids
Beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone, flunisolide
Intranasal cromolyn
Mast cell stabilizer preventing antigen-induced degranulation, inhibiting release of histamine and other cytokines
Tx of allergic conjunctivitis
Eye drops–steroids, antihistamines, vasoconstrictors, NSAIDs
Effects of nicotine
Respiratory stimulatijn, skeleral muscle relaxation, epinephrine release, peripheral vasoconstriction, increased BP, increased HR, increased CO, increased O2 consumption
Increased dopamine release
Nicotine replacement patches
Nicoderm and Habitrol
Do not require Rx
Should be worn 16-24 hours per day
Attach to hairless portion of upper outer arms or upper chest
Nicotine gum
Nicorette
One piece of gum stays in system for 2-3 hours
9 pieces per day for 6 weeks
nicotine nasal spray
Requires prescription
Fastest rate of absorption
Nicotine lozenges
No prescription
Delivers craving fighting medication quickly
Bupropion
Antidepressant for smoking cessation
SE: dry mouth and insomnia
Verenicline (Chantix)
Requires prescription
Binds to subunit of nicotinic ACh receptor
Allerviates withdrawal symptos
SE: nausea, constipation, abnormal dreams, suicidal ideation
Pathophysiology of weight loss
Ghrelin is appetite stimulant
Leptin is appetite suppressant
GLP-1 signals satiety
When is obesity medication recommended
BMI >30 or >27 with comorbidity
Appetite suppressants
Diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, phentermine
Nonamphetamine agents
Tolerance may develop
Stimulate hypothalamus to release catecholamines, specifically NE
Potential for abuse
Orlistat
Lipase inhibitor
Acts locally in GI tract; lowers absorption of fat by 30%
CI in malabsorption syndrome of cholestasis
SE: diarrhea, fatty stools, flatulence
Lorcaserin
Serotonin 5-HT-2c receptor agonists
Activates pro-oplomelanocortin neurons in arcuate nucleus
Results in feeling of satiety and decreases food intake
Liraglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Also used for type 2 DM
Stimulates glucose dependent insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying, increases feeling of satiety
