Unit 13: Health Promotion Flashcards
Nicotine’s effects
Respiratory stimulation, skeletal muscle relaxation, epinephrine release by adrenal medulla, peripheral vasoconstriction, increased BP, HR, CO, and O2 consumption
Increased dopamine levels and brain relaxation
Nicotine replacement patches
Nicoderm CQ and Habitrol
Do not require prescription
Should be worn 16-24 hours a day
Nicotine gum
Nicorette
One piece of gum stays in system for 2-3 hours
At least 9 pieces a day for 6 weeks to increase success
Nicotine nasal spray
Requires prescription
Fastest rate of absorption
Nicotine lozenge
No prescritpion
Delivers medication quickly
Bupropion
Antidepressant: Wellbutrin
Thought to be related to dopaminergic or noradrenergic properties
May cause anticholinergic effects
Varenicline
Chantix
Binds to subunit of nicotinic ACh receptor–blocks nicotine’s effect on the brain
Also a partial agonist at nicotine ACh so alleviates withdrawal symptoms
May cause abnormal dreams and suicidal ideations
Normal BMI
18.5-24.9
Overweight BMI
25-29.9
Obese BMI
> 30
Stimulants for weight loss
Not usually used in treatment of obesity due to high risk of abuse and high risk of CV SE
Appetite suppressants
Nonamphetamine agents
Decrease appetite by stimulating hypothalamus to release catecholamines, specifically NE
Potential for abuse
Examples of appetite suppressants
Diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, phentermine
Lipase inhibitor
Orlistat
Acts locally in GI tract by lowering absorption of fat by 30%
May cause diarrhea, fatty stools, flatulence
Lipase inhibitor CI in
malabsorption syndrome or cholestasis
Serotonin 5-HT 2c receptor agonist for weight loss
Lorcaserin
Activates pro-oplomelanocortin neurons in arcuate nucelus
Results in feeling of satiety and decreases food intake
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Liraglutide
Stimulates glucose dependent insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying
Increases satiety and decreases food intake
Phentermine extended release/topiramate
Topiramate is an anticonvulsant
Combo to cause weight loss
Naltrexone/bupropion
Naltrexone is opioid antagonist
Bupropion is a dopamine/NE reuptake inhibitor
Appetite suppressant
Drugs that may cause weight gain in type 2 DM
Sulfonylureas, insulin, glitinides, thiazolidinediones
Drugs that may cause weight gain in htn
Beta blockers
Drugs that may cause weight gain in depression
Paroxetine, amitriptyline, mirtazapine
Drugs that may cause weight gain in psych disorders
Clozapine, clanzapine, queticipine, risperidone
Drugs that may cause weight gain in chronic inflammatory disorders
Corticosteroids
