Asthma and COPD Flashcards
Asthma
Inflammatory disease with bronchoconstriction and increased airway mucus
Extrinsic asthma
Due to hypersensitivity, IgE mediated, begins in childhood
Intrinsic asthma
Nonimmune; triggers–stress, cold, exercise, upper respiratory infections and aspirin
Drugs to be used as asthma challenge test
Methacholine or histamine
Quick relief of asthma symptoms
Bronchodilators: B2 agonists, muscarinic antagonists, methylxanthines
Long term control of asthma
Anti-inflammatory: histamine release inhibitors, steroids, immune modulators
Most widely used meds for asthma
B2 agonists and low dose steroids
Inhaled corticosteroids
Minimal systemic side effects
Target the inflammatory process in lungs
For chronic tx of moderate-severe asthma
Budesonide, Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, Mometasone
inhaled corticosteroids
Systemic corticosteroids
For severe asthma when inhaled agents are insufficient
Prednisone
Oral systemic corticosteroids
Prednisolone
IV systemic corticosteroids
B2 agonists
For acute bronchoconstriction treatment of prophylaxis of exercise induced astha
Albuterol and Terbutaline
Short acting b2 agonist for quick relief
<5 mins
Salmeterol and Formoterol
Long acting b2 agonist for prophylaxis
>12 hours
Must be used in combo with steroids
Muscarinic receptor antagonists
DOC in beta blocker induced bronchospasm
Ipratropium and Tiotropium
Ipratropium: short acting muscarinic receptor antagonist
Tiotropium: long acting muscarinic receptor antagonist
Theophylline
Chemically related to caffeine
2nd line drug for asthma
Antagonizes bronchoconstrictive transmitter adenosine
Adverse effects of theophylline
Narrow therapeutic window: can cause cardiac arrhythmias
Leukotriene antagonist
Montelukast, Zafirlukast, Zileuton
